ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2 EXAMPREP STUDY
GUIDE 2026 TESTED QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS
◉ Risk. Answer: Factor that when present increases the chance of
disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the
likelihood of encountering a stressor
◉ Prevalence. Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to
determine a person's likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the
number of prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease
existing in a population. A prevalence rate is the total number of
cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total
population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
◉ Incidence. Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to
determine a person's probability of being diagnosed with a disease
during a given period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of
newly diagnosed cases of a disease. An incidence rate is the number
of new cases of a disease divided by the number of persons at risk
for the disease.
,Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
◉ Ratio. Answer: The quantitative relation between two amounts
showing the number of times one value contains or is contained
within the other.
◉ Primary Prevention. Answer: Altering susceptibility or reducing
exposure for susceptible persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
◉ Secondary Prevention. Answer: Early detection, screening, and
management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
◉ Tertiary Prevention. Answer: Rehabilitation, supportive care,
reducing disability, and restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
,◉ Epidemiology. Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving
populations; examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence,
transmission, and distribution of diseases in large groups of
populations/people
◉ Endemic. Answer: A disease theat is native to a local region
◉ Epidemic. Answer: When a disease is disseninated to many
individals at the same time
(spread to many people at the same time)
◉ Pandemic. Answer: Epidemics that affect large geographic
regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
◉ *Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors*.
Answer:
◉ Homeostasis. Answer: A state of being in which all systems are in
balance around a articular ideal "set-point"
◉ Exhausation. Answer: Point where body can no longer return to
homeostasis following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
, ◉ Allostatic Overload. Answer: "Cost" of body's organs and tissues
for an excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect
of "wear and tear" on the body
◉ Adaptation. Answer: Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of
change in response to new or altered circumstances, internal or
external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally
based coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
◉ Arousal. Answer: Includes alterations in responsiveness to
homeostatic pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and
to changes in motor activity
◉ Function of Cortisol. Answer: Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2 EXAMPREP STUDY
GUIDE 2026 TESTED QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS
◉ Risk. Answer: Factor that when present increases the chance of
disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the
likelihood of encountering a stressor
◉ Prevalence. Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to
determine a person's likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the
number of prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease
existing in a population. A prevalence rate is the total number of
cases of a disease existing in a population divided by the total
population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
◉ Incidence. Answer: A measure of disease that allows us to
determine a person's probability of being diagnosed with a disease
during a given period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of
newly diagnosed cases of a disease. An incidence rate is the number
of new cases of a disease divided by the number of persons at risk
for the disease.
,Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
◉ Ratio. Answer: The quantitative relation between two amounts
showing the number of times one value contains or is contained
within the other.
◉ Primary Prevention. Answer: Altering susceptibility or reducing
exposure for susceptible persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
◉ Secondary Prevention. Answer: Early detection, screening, and
management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
◉ Tertiary Prevention. Answer: Rehabilitation, supportive care,
reducing disability, and restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
,◉ Epidemiology. Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving
populations; examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence,
transmission, and distribution of diseases in large groups of
populations/people
◉ Endemic. Answer: A disease theat is native to a local region
◉ Epidemic. Answer: When a disease is disseninated to many
individals at the same time
(spread to many people at the same time)
◉ Pandemic. Answer: Epidemics that affect large geographic
regions, perhaps spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
◉ *Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors*.
Answer:
◉ Homeostasis. Answer: A state of being in which all systems are in
balance around a articular ideal "set-point"
◉ Exhausation. Answer: Point where body can no longer return to
homeostasis following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
, ◉ Allostatic Overload. Answer: "Cost" of body's organs and tissues
for an excessive or ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect
of "wear and tear" on the body
◉ Adaptation. Answer: Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of
change in response to new or altered circumstances, internal or
external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using culturally
based coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
◉ Arousal. Answer: Includes alterations in responsiveness to
homeostatic pressures, sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and
to changes in motor activity
◉ Function of Cortisol. Answer: Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
