NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Exam – Key Concepts and Study Guide
Asthma Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
, Pathophysiology of asthma (5) -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory
to asthma response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles smooth muscle cells
contain
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls
collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that
the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release
acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to
cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing
the bronchial constriction
bronchitis inflammation of the bronchial tubes
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Exam – Key Concepts and Study Guide
Asthma Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
, Pathophysiology of asthma (5) -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory
to asthma response that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles smooth muscle cells
contain
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls
collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur? the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that
the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar -expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release
acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to
cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing
the bronchial constriction
bronchitis inflammation of the bronchial tubes
