UNE Pathophysiology Final Exam
Questions and All Correct Answers
2026 Updated.
A 77-year-old lifetime smoker has been diagnosed with a tumor in his lung at the site of an old
tubercle scarring site, located in a peripheral area of his bronchiolar tissue. What is this client's
most likely diagnosis?
A. Adenocarcinoma
B. Squamos cell carcinoma
C. Small cell lung cancer
D. Large Cell Carcinoma - Answer Adenocarcinoma
When educating a student who lives in a crowded apartment and diagnosed with tuberculosis,
the college school nurse will emphasis,
A. Once your fever goes away, you can top taking the streptomycin injection.
B. If isoniazid makes you nauseous, we can substitute something milder.
C. To destroy this bacterium you must strictly adhere to a long-term drug regiment
D. You will have to wear an N95 mask while on campus at all times. - Answer To destroy this
bacterium, you must strictly adhere to a long term drug regiment.
A patient with small cell lung cancer has developed a paraneoplastic syndrome called Cushing
syndrome. Based on this new complication, the nurse will likely assess which of the following
manifestations of this syndrome?
A. Weight gain, moon face and buffalo hump and purple striae on the abdomen
B. Bilateral edema in the arms, swollen face, and protruding eyes
C. Severe bone/joint pain, nausea/vomiting and polyuria
Tetany, new onset seizure activity, emotional lability, and extra pyramidal. - Answer A.
Weight gain, moon face and buffalo hump and purple striae on the abdomen
The neonatal ICU nurse is aware that type II alveolar cells produce surfactant, and they usually
develop at how many weeks of gestation?
A. 17-18
B. 19-20
C. 24-28
D. 34-38 - Answer C. 24-28
,A patient who has been on a high-protein diet comes to the emergency department with
respiratory symptoms. Upon analysis of arterial blood gases (ABGs), the patient is diagnosed
with hypercapnia. The nurse will note the ABG results that confirm this diagnosis include: Select
all that apply.
pH 7.31 (normal 7.35 to 7.45).
PO2 of 97%.
PCO2 of 58 mm Hg (normal 38 to 42).
Serum HCO3 of 33 mEq/L (normal 22 to 28).
Serum K+ (potassium)of 3.6 mmol/L (normal 3.5 to 5.0). - Answer pH 7.31 (normal 7.35 to
7.45).
PCO2 of 58 mm Hg (normal 38 to 42).
Serum HCO3 of 33 mEq/L (normal 22 to 28).
A 51-year-old female client who is 2 days postoperative in a surgical unit of a hospital is at risk of
developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile. Which of the following teaching
points by her nurse is most appropriate?
"You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs expand as much as possible while
you're in bed."
"Being in bed increases the risk of fluid accumulating between your lungs and their lining, so it's
important for you to change positions often."
"Make sure that you stay hydrated and walk as soon as possible to avoid us having to insert a
chest tube."
"I'll proscribe bronchodilator medications that will help open up your airways and allow more
oxygen in." - Answer "You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs expand as
much as possible while you're in bed."
A patient arrives in the ED after an automobile accident. Which of the following clinical
manifestations lead the nurse to suspect a pneumothorax? Select all that apply.
Respiratory rate 34
Asymmetrical chest movements, especially on inspiration
Diminished breath sounds over the painful chest area
Pulse oximetry 98%
ABG pH level of 7.38 - Answer Respiratory rate 34
Asymmetrical chest movements, especially on inspiration
Diminished breath sounds over the painful chest area
, Upon admission to the ICU, a patient with a history of cor pulmonale will likely be exhibiting
which of the following clinical manifestations of right heart failure? Select all that apply.
Fine crackles throughout both lung fields
+4 pitting edema in lower extremities
Expectorating copious amounts of frothy, pink sputum
Jugular vein distension
Altered level of consciousness - Answer +4 pitting edema in lower extremities
Jugular vein distension
Altered level of consciousness
A nurse is providing care for a client who has been admitted to a medical unit with a diagnosis
of bronchiectasis. Which of the following signs and symptoms should the nurse expect to find
during physical assessment of the client and the review of the client's history? Select all that
apply.
Recurrent chest infections
Production of purulent sputum
A barrel chest
Low hemoglobin levels
Recent surgery - Answer Recurrent chest infections
Production of purulent sputum
Low hemoglobin levels
In the early morning, an African American woman brings her 5-year-old son to the emergency
room. The boy is wheezing, is short of breath, and has a dry cough. The mother states that he
has always been very healthy. He went to bed with only a slight cold and a runny nose but woke
her with his coughing shortly after 4 AM. His symptoms worsened so dramatically that she
brought him to the hospital. The care team would most likely suspect that he has
respiratory syncytial virus.
influenza.
asthma.
pneumonia. - Answer asthma
Questions and All Correct Answers
2026 Updated.
A 77-year-old lifetime smoker has been diagnosed with a tumor in his lung at the site of an old
tubercle scarring site, located in a peripheral area of his bronchiolar tissue. What is this client's
most likely diagnosis?
A. Adenocarcinoma
B. Squamos cell carcinoma
C. Small cell lung cancer
D. Large Cell Carcinoma - Answer Adenocarcinoma
When educating a student who lives in a crowded apartment and diagnosed with tuberculosis,
the college school nurse will emphasis,
A. Once your fever goes away, you can top taking the streptomycin injection.
B. If isoniazid makes you nauseous, we can substitute something milder.
C. To destroy this bacterium you must strictly adhere to a long-term drug regiment
D. You will have to wear an N95 mask while on campus at all times. - Answer To destroy this
bacterium, you must strictly adhere to a long term drug regiment.
A patient with small cell lung cancer has developed a paraneoplastic syndrome called Cushing
syndrome. Based on this new complication, the nurse will likely assess which of the following
manifestations of this syndrome?
A. Weight gain, moon face and buffalo hump and purple striae on the abdomen
B. Bilateral edema in the arms, swollen face, and protruding eyes
C. Severe bone/joint pain, nausea/vomiting and polyuria
Tetany, new onset seizure activity, emotional lability, and extra pyramidal. - Answer A.
Weight gain, moon face and buffalo hump and purple striae on the abdomen
The neonatal ICU nurse is aware that type II alveolar cells produce surfactant, and they usually
develop at how many weeks of gestation?
A. 17-18
B. 19-20
C. 24-28
D. 34-38 - Answer C. 24-28
,A patient who has been on a high-protein diet comes to the emergency department with
respiratory symptoms. Upon analysis of arterial blood gases (ABGs), the patient is diagnosed
with hypercapnia. The nurse will note the ABG results that confirm this diagnosis include: Select
all that apply.
pH 7.31 (normal 7.35 to 7.45).
PO2 of 97%.
PCO2 of 58 mm Hg (normal 38 to 42).
Serum HCO3 of 33 mEq/L (normal 22 to 28).
Serum K+ (potassium)of 3.6 mmol/L (normal 3.5 to 5.0). - Answer pH 7.31 (normal 7.35 to
7.45).
PCO2 of 58 mm Hg (normal 38 to 42).
Serum HCO3 of 33 mEq/L (normal 22 to 28).
A 51-year-old female client who is 2 days postoperative in a surgical unit of a hospital is at risk of
developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile. Which of the following teaching
points by her nurse is most appropriate?
"You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs expand as much as possible while
you're in bed."
"Being in bed increases the risk of fluid accumulating between your lungs and their lining, so it's
important for you to change positions often."
"Make sure that you stay hydrated and walk as soon as possible to avoid us having to insert a
chest tube."
"I'll proscribe bronchodilator medications that will help open up your airways and allow more
oxygen in." - Answer "You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs expand as
much as possible while you're in bed."
A patient arrives in the ED after an automobile accident. Which of the following clinical
manifestations lead the nurse to suspect a pneumothorax? Select all that apply.
Respiratory rate 34
Asymmetrical chest movements, especially on inspiration
Diminished breath sounds over the painful chest area
Pulse oximetry 98%
ABG pH level of 7.38 - Answer Respiratory rate 34
Asymmetrical chest movements, especially on inspiration
Diminished breath sounds over the painful chest area
, Upon admission to the ICU, a patient with a history of cor pulmonale will likely be exhibiting
which of the following clinical manifestations of right heart failure? Select all that apply.
Fine crackles throughout both lung fields
+4 pitting edema in lower extremities
Expectorating copious amounts of frothy, pink sputum
Jugular vein distension
Altered level of consciousness - Answer +4 pitting edema in lower extremities
Jugular vein distension
Altered level of consciousness
A nurse is providing care for a client who has been admitted to a medical unit with a diagnosis
of bronchiectasis. Which of the following signs and symptoms should the nurse expect to find
during physical assessment of the client and the review of the client's history? Select all that
apply.
Recurrent chest infections
Production of purulent sputum
A barrel chest
Low hemoglobin levels
Recent surgery - Answer Recurrent chest infections
Production of purulent sputum
Low hemoglobin levels
In the early morning, an African American woman brings her 5-year-old son to the emergency
room. The boy is wheezing, is short of breath, and has a dry cough. The mother states that he
has always been very healthy. He went to bed with only a slight cold and a runny nose but woke
her with his coughing shortly after 4 AM. His symptoms worsened so dramatically that she
brought him to the hospital. The care team would most likely suspect that he has
respiratory syncytial virus.
influenza.
asthma.
pneumonia. - Answer asthma
