GMS 5057 - Medical Cell Biology TEST STUDY
GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. Definition of templated polymerization - ANSWER ✔ DNA is split apart
and each strand is used as a template when being replicated or during
transcription.
2. What are regulatory DNA - ANSWER ✔ They are genes that control when,
where, and how much genes are expressed
3. Multicellular eukaryotic organisms that sexually reproduce arise from -
ANSWER ✔ single cell (zygote)
4. Cell function - ANSWER ✔ interpret hereditary DNA and express
information to coordinate synthesis of molecules that assemble into complex
structures that form more cells.
5. Monomers of DNA and RNA - ANSWER ✔ Nucleotide
6. components of a nucleotide - ANSWER ✔ sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous
base
,7. The backbone of a nucleotide has what types of chemical bonds - ANSWER
✔ covalent
8. The nucleotide bases interact with eachother via what types of bonds -
ANSWER ✔ Hydrogen
9. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - ANSWER ✔ - DNA -> RNA ->
Protein
- Genes in DNA and hereditary information is expressed.
10.What are enzymes - ANSWER ✔ proteins with catalytic sites that catalyze
specific chemical reactions
11.Enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of polysaccharides in bacterial cell walls -
ANSWER ✔ Lysozyme
12.Main currency for energy in cells - ANSWER ✔ ATP
13.Epigenetics - ANSWER ✔ Regulation of chromatin structure that is
inherited.
14.What type of histone modification would repel DNA - ANSWER ✔ Serine
phosphorylation.
15.Kinase adds a negative charge to the histone which repels the negatively
charged DNA.
,16.Histone code - ANSWER ✔ The pattern of modifications of the histone tails
that affects the chromatin structure and gene transcription.
17.nuclear territories - ANSWER ✔ Can be observed in interphase cells when
Chromatin is not in chromosome condensed form and DNA occupies
specific territories.
18.Transposons - ANSWER ✔ (jumping genes) short strands of DNA capable
of moving from one location to another within a cell's genetic material
19.What percentage of the genome is unique sequences? - ANSWER ✔ 50%
20.What percentage of the genome is protein-coding exons? - ANSWER ✔
1.5%
21.What percentage of the genome is not coding for proteins? - ANSWER ✔
98.5%
22.What do phylogenetic trees show? - ANSWER ✔ How related species are.
23.Phylogenetic tree node (area where two lines meet) shows what - ANSWER
✔ Speciation event from a common ancestor
24.What evolutionary event yields paralogous proteins? - ANSWER ✔
Duplication followed by divergence.
, 25.Genitopatellar syndrome (GTPTS) is a mutation in what gene - ANSWER ✔
KAT6B
26.KAT6B gene encodes what? - ANSWER ✔ Lysine acetyl-transferase
27.Mutations in KAT6B gene leads to synthesis of what? - ANSWER ✔
Truncated (shortened) histone acetyltransferase (HAT)
28.Why are mutation rates low? - ANSWER ✔ High fidelity during replication
and repair.
29.dNTPs - ANSWER ✔ Deoxyribonucleotides
30.What does DNA polymerase require for polymerase activity? - ANSWER ✔
3' hydroxyl group
31.DNA polymerase can only go in what direction? - ANSWER ✔ 5'-3'
32.Phosphodiester linkage - ANSWER ✔ covalent bonds that join adjacent
nucleotides between the -OH group of the 3' carbon of one nucleotide and
the phosphate on the 5' carbon of the next.
33.Phosphodiester linkages are made during what type of reaction - ANSWER
✔ condensation.
34.Byproduct of phosphodiester bond formation - ANSWER ✔ Pyrophosphate
GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. Definition of templated polymerization - ANSWER ✔ DNA is split apart
and each strand is used as a template when being replicated or during
transcription.
2. What are regulatory DNA - ANSWER ✔ They are genes that control when,
where, and how much genes are expressed
3. Multicellular eukaryotic organisms that sexually reproduce arise from -
ANSWER ✔ single cell (zygote)
4. Cell function - ANSWER ✔ interpret hereditary DNA and express
information to coordinate synthesis of molecules that assemble into complex
structures that form more cells.
5. Monomers of DNA and RNA - ANSWER ✔ Nucleotide
6. components of a nucleotide - ANSWER ✔ sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous
base
,7. The backbone of a nucleotide has what types of chemical bonds - ANSWER
✔ covalent
8. The nucleotide bases interact with eachother via what types of bonds -
ANSWER ✔ Hydrogen
9. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - ANSWER ✔ - DNA -> RNA ->
Protein
- Genes in DNA and hereditary information is expressed.
10.What are enzymes - ANSWER ✔ proteins with catalytic sites that catalyze
specific chemical reactions
11.Enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of polysaccharides in bacterial cell walls -
ANSWER ✔ Lysozyme
12.Main currency for energy in cells - ANSWER ✔ ATP
13.Epigenetics - ANSWER ✔ Regulation of chromatin structure that is
inherited.
14.What type of histone modification would repel DNA - ANSWER ✔ Serine
phosphorylation.
15.Kinase adds a negative charge to the histone which repels the negatively
charged DNA.
,16.Histone code - ANSWER ✔ The pattern of modifications of the histone tails
that affects the chromatin structure and gene transcription.
17.nuclear territories - ANSWER ✔ Can be observed in interphase cells when
Chromatin is not in chromosome condensed form and DNA occupies
specific territories.
18.Transposons - ANSWER ✔ (jumping genes) short strands of DNA capable
of moving from one location to another within a cell's genetic material
19.What percentage of the genome is unique sequences? - ANSWER ✔ 50%
20.What percentage of the genome is protein-coding exons? - ANSWER ✔
1.5%
21.What percentage of the genome is not coding for proteins? - ANSWER ✔
98.5%
22.What do phylogenetic trees show? - ANSWER ✔ How related species are.
23.Phylogenetic tree node (area where two lines meet) shows what - ANSWER
✔ Speciation event from a common ancestor
24.What evolutionary event yields paralogous proteins? - ANSWER ✔
Duplication followed by divergence.
, 25.Genitopatellar syndrome (GTPTS) is a mutation in what gene - ANSWER ✔
KAT6B
26.KAT6B gene encodes what? - ANSWER ✔ Lysine acetyl-transferase
27.Mutations in KAT6B gene leads to synthesis of what? - ANSWER ✔
Truncated (shortened) histone acetyltransferase (HAT)
28.Why are mutation rates low? - ANSWER ✔ High fidelity during replication
and repair.
29.dNTPs - ANSWER ✔ Deoxyribonucleotides
30.What does DNA polymerase require for polymerase activity? - ANSWER ✔
3' hydroxyl group
31.DNA polymerase can only go in what direction? - ANSWER ✔ 5'-3'
32.Phosphodiester linkage - ANSWER ✔ covalent bonds that join adjacent
nucleotides between the -OH group of the 3' carbon of one nucleotide and
the phosphate on the 5' carbon of the next.
33.Phosphodiester linkages are made during what type of reaction - ANSWER
✔ condensation.
34.Byproduct of phosphodiester bond formation - ANSWER ✔ Pyrophosphate
