Cardiac Biomarkers, Diagnostic Tests, and Risk
Factors in Cardiovascular Disease Exam
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is sensitivity in testing? - CORRECT ANSWER The proportion of individuals
with the disease who have a true positive test.
What is specificity in testing? - CORRECT ANSWER The proportion of individuals
without the disease who have a true negative test.
What does positive predictive value indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER The proportion
of individuals who had a positive test and actually have the disease.
What does negative predictive value indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER The proportion
of individuals who had a negative test and truly do not have the disease.
What are cardiac biomarkers? - CORRECT ANSWER Chemical enzymes released
from the heart muscle when it has been damaged.
What is considered the gold standard for cardiac injury assessment? - CORRECT
ANSWER Troponin assessment.
When are CK and CK-MB released post incident? - CORRECT ANSWER 3-6 hours
after the incident.
What is the peak time for CK and CK-MB levels after an incident? - CORRECT
ANSWER 24 to 48 hours after the incident.
What is the significance of elevated Troponin levels? - CORRECT ANSWER It is a
true indicator of a myocardial infarction.
, What is the normal range for HDL cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWER 40-60 mg/dL.
What is the desirable total cholesterol level? - CORRECT ANSWER Less than 200
mg/dL.
What does LDL cholesterol indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER It is considered 'bad'
cholesterol that deposits in arteries.
What is hyperlipidemia? - CORRECT ANSWER A major risk factor for coronary
artery disease.
What does a high level of homocysteine indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER It is linked
to cardiovascular diseases.
What does a low hemoglobin level indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER Anemia and a
decrease in exercise tolerance.
What is the normal range for hematocrit in females? - CORRECT ANSWER 35-40%.
What is the normal platelet count range? - CORRECT ANSWER 150-350 k/μl.
What precautions should be taken with a platelet count of 15,000-20,000 μl? - CORRECT
ANSWER Physical therapy precautions.
What does a white blood cell count below 1,000 indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER The
patient requires a mask to ambulate and exercise.
What is the normal range for white blood cell count? - CORRECT ANSWER 4-11 k/μl
(4,500-11,000).
Factors in Cardiovascular Disease Exam
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is sensitivity in testing? - CORRECT ANSWER The proportion of individuals
with the disease who have a true positive test.
What is specificity in testing? - CORRECT ANSWER The proportion of individuals
without the disease who have a true negative test.
What does positive predictive value indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER The proportion
of individuals who had a positive test and actually have the disease.
What does negative predictive value indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER The proportion
of individuals who had a negative test and truly do not have the disease.
What are cardiac biomarkers? - CORRECT ANSWER Chemical enzymes released
from the heart muscle when it has been damaged.
What is considered the gold standard for cardiac injury assessment? - CORRECT
ANSWER Troponin assessment.
When are CK and CK-MB released post incident? - CORRECT ANSWER 3-6 hours
after the incident.
What is the peak time for CK and CK-MB levels after an incident? - CORRECT
ANSWER 24 to 48 hours after the incident.
What is the significance of elevated Troponin levels? - CORRECT ANSWER It is a
true indicator of a myocardial infarction.
, What is the normal range for HDL cholesterol? - CORRECT ANSWER 40-60 mg/dL.
What is the desirable total cholesterol level? - CORRECT ANSWER Less than 200
mg/dL.
What does LDL cholesterol indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER It is considered 'bad'
cholesterol that deposits in arteries.
What is hyperlipidemia? - CORRECT ANSWER A major risk factor for coronary
artery disease.
What does a high level of homocysteine indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER It is linked
to cardiovascular diseases.
What does a low hemoglobin level indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER Anemia and a
decrease in exercise tolerance.
What is the normal range for hematocrit in females? - CORRECT ANSWER 35-40%.
What is the normal platelet count range? - CORRECT ANSWER 150-350 k/μl.
What precautions should be taken with a platelet count of 15,000-20,000 μl? - CORRECT
ANSWER Physical therapy precautions.
What does a white blood cell count below 1,000 indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER The
patient requires a mask to ambulate and exercise.
What is the normal range for white blood cell count? - CORRECT ANSWER 4-11 k/μl
(4,500-11,000).
