NMNC 3110 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS |
ALREADY PASSED
What are the basic "road home" components of tissue perfusion, and what are their key
characteristics? - Answer- The "road home" involves the smallest branches of veins to
larger veins and back to the heart.
- It is a low-pressure system
- It acts as a reservoir for extra blood, which can help to decrease the work load of the
heart.
- It has valves in the veins to stop backflow
What are the ultimate results of impaired perfusion at the cellular level? - Answer-
Results of impaired perfusion are Hypoxia, Anoxia, Ischemia, Infarction, and Cellular
Death
Describe the key components of a problem-based history a nurse should collect when
assessing for alter perfusion? - Answer- - Onset
- Location
- Duration
- Severity
- Description
- Factors that alleviate, aggravate, or other symptoms
- Any actions taken by the patient
What vital signs are crucial for collection and interpretation in the context of perfusion
and what specific alterations should be noted? - Answer- Crucial vital signs are Heart
rate (bradycardia vs. tachycardia), Oxygen Saturation, and Blood Pressure
(hypertension vs. hypotension)
Besides vital signs, what three physical assessment techniques are used to evaluate
perfusion? - Answer- - Inspection
- Palpation (peripheral pulses)
- Auscultation
List the common signs and symptoms of altered perfusion that nurses must understand.
- Answer- - Pain
- Syncope
- Dizziness
, - Dyspnea
- Edema
- Bleeding
- Bruising
- Fatigue
What is the fundamental process of gas exchange? - Answer- Gas exchange is the
process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is transported from
cells.
What are the three main systems involved in the normal process of gas exchange? -
Answer- Neurological, Respiratory, and Cardiovascular Systems
What are the critical results of impaired gas exchange? - Answer- Hypoxia, Anoxia,
Ischemia, Infarction, and Cellular Death
What are the common causes that can interrupt gas exchange? - Answer- Congential,
Genetic, Injury, Inflammation, Infection, and Lifestyle factors
How do nurses categorize the continuum of a patient's perfusion status in relation to gas
exchange? - Answer- Patients are categorized as having optimal gas exchange, altered
gas exchange, or no gas exchange
Describe the nursing actions at each level of care to optimize gas exchange. - Answer-
Primary Level: Promotes individuals' healthy behaviors to optimize gas exchange.
Secondary Level: Identify individuals at risk for impaired perfusion gas exhcange and
recognize when an individual is impaired.
Tertiary Level: Respond with appropriate interventions.
What elements are included in a baseline history and a problem-based history during
clinical reasoning for gas exchange issues? - Answer- Baseline History: This is a
general history collection.
Problem-Based History: Focuses on the onset, location, duration, severity, description
of symptoms, factors that alleviate or aggravate symptoms, other accompanying
symptoms, and actions already taken by the patient.
What are the normal vital sign collection and interpretation findings related to Gas
Exchange? - Answer- - Breathing is quiet and effortless at a rate appropriate for age.
- Oxygen saturation (SaO2) is between 95% and 100%.
- Skin, nail beds, and lips are appropriate colors for the patient's race.
- Thorax is symmetric with equal thoracic expansion bilaterally.
- Spinous processes are in alignment; scapulae are bilaterally symmetric.
- Anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the chest is approximately a 1:2 ratio of AP to lateral
diameter.
- Trachea is midline.
- Breath sounds are clear bilaterally
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS |
ALREADY PASSED
What are the basic "road home" components of tissue perfusion, and what are their key
characteristics? - Answer- The "road home" involves the smallest branches of veins to
larger veins and back to the heart.
- It is a low-pressure system
- It acts as a reservoir for extra blood, which can help to decrease the work load of the
heart.
- It has valves in the veins to stop backflow
What are the ultimate results of impaired perfusion at the cellular level? - Answer-
Results of impaired perfusion are Hypoxia, Anoxia, Ischemia, Infarction, and Cellular
Death
Describe the key components of a problem-based history a nurse should collect when
assessing for alter perfusion? - Answer- - Onset
- Location
- Duration
- Severity
- Description
- Factors that alleviate, aggravate, or other symptoms
- Any actions taken by the patient
What vital signs are crucial for collection and interpretation in the context of perfusion
and what specific alterations should be noted? - Answer- Crucial vital signs are Heart
rate (bradycardia vs. tachycardia), Oxygen Saturation, and Blood Pressure
(hypertension vs. hypotension)
Besides vital signs, what three physical assessment techniques are used to evaluate
perfusion? - Answer- - Inspection
- Palpation (peripheral pulses)
- Auscultation
List the common signs and symptoms of altered perfusion that nurses must understand.
- Answer- - Pain
- Syncope
- Dizziness
, - Dyspnea
- Edema
- Bleeding
- Bruising
- Fatigue
What is the fundamental process of gas exchange? - Answer- Gas exchange is the
process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is transported from
cells.
What are the three main systems involved in the normal process of gas exchange? -
Answer- Neurological, Respiratory, and Cardiovascular Systems
What are the critical results of impaired gas exchange? - Answer- Hypoxia, Anoxia,
Ischemia, Infarction, and Cellular Death
What are the common causes that can interrupt gas exchange? - Answer- Congential,
Genetic, Injury, Inflammation, Infection, and Lifestyle factors
How do nurses categorize the continuum of a patient's perfusion status in relation to gas
exchange? - Answer- Patients are categorized as having optimal gas exchange, altered
gas exchange, or no gas exchange
Describe the nursing actions at each level of care to optimize gas exchange. - Answer-
Primary Level: Promotes individuals' healthy behaviors to optimize gas exchange.
Secondary Level: Identify individuals at risk for impaired perfusion gas exhcange and
recognize when an individual is impaired.
Tertiary Level: Respond with appropriate interventions.
What elements are included in a baseline history and a problem-based history during
clinical reasoning for gas exchange issues? - Answer- Baseline History: This is a
general history collection.
Problem-Based History: Focuses on the onset, location, duration, severity, description
of symptoms, factors that alleviate or aggravate symptoms, other accompanying
symptoms, and actions already taken by the patient.
What are the normal vital sign collection and interpretation findings related to Gas
Exchange? - Answer- - Breathing is quiet and effortless at a rate appropriate for age.
- Oxygen saturation (SaO2) is between 95% and 100%.
- Skin, nail beds, and lips are appropriate colors for the patient's race.
- Thorax is symmetric with equal thoracic expansion bilaterally.
- Spinous processes are in alignment; scapulae are bilaterally symmetric.
- Anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the chest is approximately a 1:2 ratio of AP to lateral
diameter.
- Trachea is midline.
- Breath sounds are clear bilaterally
