Information Technology 101 Exam #1Questions With Correct Detailed Answers.

URL (Uniform resource locator) - correct answers A naming system used to designate unique website addresses that you enter into a browser to navigate to a particular site. Also called web address. Top level domain - correct answers The suffix (The period and the letters that follow) of a domain name. (.com) ISP (Internet Service Provider) - correct answers A company that lets you use its technology to connect to the internet for a fee. IP Address - correct answers A series of numbers that uniquely identifies a location on the internet. An IP address consists of four groups of numbers separated by a period. For example: 225.73.110.102 DNS Server (Domain Name System) - correct answers an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. How computers exchange data on the internet. ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) - correct answers the world's first operational packet switching networks. Created the Global internet. Packet Switching - correct answers The process of breaking data into packets, sending, and then reassembling the original data. the method by which internet works. Delivery of packets of data between devices over a shared network. Travel through network adapters(switches, routers) In different locations. Modem - correct answers A piece of hardware that sends and receives data from a transmission source such as your telephone line or cable television connection. The word modem comes from a combination of the words modulate and demodulate. Protocol - correct answers A standard that specifies how two devices will communicate by providing rules such as how data should be formatted and coded for transmission. The Internet transmission protocol is indicated in the first part of a website's universal resource locator (URL). HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) - correct answers the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web. HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. Web Server - correct answers computers that deliver (serves up) Web pages. Every Web server has an IP address and possibly a domain name. The software (the computer application) that helps to deliver web content that can be accessed through the Internet. Disk Drive - correct answers a device that allows a computer to read from and write to computer disks. Access Speed - correct answers The speed with which data in RAM can be accessed and processed by a computer. Access Arm - correct answers As the platter spins the access arm moves the read/write heads to the location information needs to be read, written, or deleted. Read / Write Head - correct answers move above the disk platter and transform the platter's magnetic field into electrical current. Track - correct answers ... Sector - correct answers ... Cluster - correct answers ... File Allocation Table (FAT) - correct answers A table maintained by the OS to keep track of the physical location of the hard disk's contents. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) value - correct answers is a character-encoding scheme originally based on the English alphabet that encodes 128 specified characters a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127. Binary - correct answers relating to, using, or expressed in a system of numerical notation that has 2 rather than 10 as a base. Bit - correct answers the smallest unit of information on a machine. Values of 0 or 1 Byte - correct answers a group of binary digits or bits (usually eight) operated on as a unit. Kilobyte - correct answers a unit of memory or data equal to 1,024 (210) bytes. MegaByte - correct answers a unit of information equal to 220 bytes or, loosely, one million bytes. GigaByte - correct answers a unit of information equal to one billion (109) or, strictly, 230 bytes. TeraByte - correct answers a unit of information equal to one million million (1012) or strictly, 240 bytes. Motherboard - correct answers The primary circuit board on your computer that holds the central processing unit (CPU), BIOS, memory, and expansion cards. CPU (Central Processing unit) - correct answers The part of your computer system that interprets instructions and processes data. Also sometimes referred to as the processor or core Hard drive - correct answers what stores all your data. It houses the hard disk, where all your files and folders are physically located. Operating System (OS) - correct answers A type of software that provides an interface for the user to interact with computer devices and software applications. RAM (Random Access Memory) - correct answers A holding area for data while your computer processes information. When you turn your computer off, the data temporarily stored in this holding area disappears; RAM is therefore also referred to as volatile memory. ROM (Read-only Memory) - correct answers Memory that holds information such as the BIOS and instructions the computer uses to startup the operating system. Type of non- volatile memory. Data in ROM is permanently written and is not erased when you power off your computer. BIOS (Basic Input output system) - correct answers Code that checks and starts up computer devices such as memory, monitor, keyboard, and disc drivers and directs the hard drive to boot up and load the operating system (OS) to memory. Virtual Memory - correct answers A capability of the computer's operating system that handles data that cannot fit into RAM when running several programs at once. When RAM is used up, data is stored or "swapped" into virtual memory. System BUS - correct answers The bus that connects the CPU to main memory on the motherboard. I/O buses, which connect the CPU with the systems other components, branch off of the system bus. A file that is deleted from the computer is not really deleted from the hard drive. Why? - correct answers Any time that a file is deleted from a hard drive, it is not erased. What is erased is the bit of information that points to the location of the file on the hard drive. The operating system uses these pointers to build the directory tree structure (the file allocation table), which consists of the pointers for every other file on the hard drive. When the pointer is erased, the file essentially becomes invisible to the operating system. The file still exists; the operating system just doesn't know how to find it. It is, however, relatively easy to retrieve deleted files with the right software. The only way to completely erase a file with no trace is to overwrite the data. How is information stored on a disk? Why is there a lot of unusable space on a hard drive? - correct answers Data is stored on the hard disk in the form of 0 and 1. Hard disk stores information in the form of magnetic fields. Data is stored digitally in the form of tiny magnetized regions on the platter where each region represents a bit. There is a lot of unusable space on a hard drive because How does a lack of RAM slow down the computer? - correct answers A computer will slow down to a crawl if it does not have enough memo