Full CIPP/E exam (2026 updated) QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS (DETAILED & ELABORATED)
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Terms in this set (178)
Accountability The implementation of appropriate technical and
organisational measures to ensure and be able
to demonstrate that the handling of personal
data is performed in accordance with relevant
law, an idea codified in the EU General Data
Protection Regulation and other frameworks,
including APEC's Cross Border Privacy Rules.
Traditionally has been a fair information
practices principle, that due diligence and
reasonable steps will be undertaken to ensure
that personal information will be protected and
handled consistently with relevant law and other
fair use principles.
,Accuracy Organizations must take every reasonable step
to ensure the data processed is this and, where
necessary, kept up to date. Reasonable
measures should be understood as implementing
processes to prevent inaccuracies during the
data collection process as well as during the
ongoing data processing in relation to the
specific use for which the data is processed. The
organization must consider the type of data and
the specific purposes to maintain the accuracy of
personal data in relation to the purpose. Also
embodies the responsibility to respond to data
subject requests to correct records that contain
incomplete information or misinformation.
Adequate Level of Protection A transfer of personal data from the European
Union to a third country or an international
organisation may take place where the European
Commission has decided that the third country, a
territory or one or more specified sectors within
that third country, or the international
organisation in question, ensures this by taking
into account the following elements: (a) the rule
of law, respect for human rights and fundamental
freedoms, both general and sectoral legislation,
data protection rules, professional rules and
security measures, effective and enforceable
data subject rights and effective administrative
and judicial redress for the data subjects whose
personal data is being transferred; (b) the
existence and effective functioning of
independent supervisory authorities with
responsibility for ensuring and enforcing
compliance with the data protection rules; (c) the
international commitments the third country or
international organisation concerned has entered
into in relation to the protection of personal
data.
,Annual Reports The requirement under the GDPR that the
European Data Protection Board and each
supervisory authority periodically report on their
activities. The supervisory authority report
should include infringements and the activities
that the authority conducted under their Article
58(2) powers. The EDPB report should include
guidelines, recommendations, best practices
and binding decisions. Additionally, the report
should include the protection of natural persons
with regard to processing in the EU and, where
relevant, in third countries and international
organisations. Shall be made public and be
transmitted to the European Parliament, to the
Council and to the Commission.
Anonymous Information In contrast to personal data, this is not related to
an identified or an identifiable natural person and
cannot be combined with other information to
re-identify individuals. It has been rendered
unidentifiable and, as such, is not protected by
the GDPR.
Anti-discrimination Laws indications of special classes of personal data. If
there exists law protecting against discrimination
based on a class or status, it is likely personal
information relating to that class or status is
subject to more stringent data protection
regulation, under the GDPR or otherwise.
, Appropriate Safeguards The GDPR refers to these in a number of
contexts, including the transfer of personal data
to third countries outside the European Union,
the processing of special categories of data, and
the processing of personal data in a law
enforcement context. This generally refers to the
application of the general data protection
principles, in particular purpose limitation, data
minimisation, limited storage periods, data
quality, data protection by design and by default,
legal basis for processing, processing of special
categories of personal data, measures to ensure
data security, and the requirements in respect of
onward transfers to bodies not bound by the
binding corporate rules. This may also refer to
the use of encryption or pseudonymization,
standard data protection clauses adopted by the
Commission, contractual clauses authorized by a
supervisory authority, or certification schemes or
codes of conduct authorized by the Commission
or a supervisory authority. Should ensure
compliance with data protection requirements
and the rights of the data subjects appropriate to
processing within the European Union.
AND ANSWERS (DETAILED & ELABORATED)
fully solved
Save
Terms in this set (178)
Accountability The implementation of appropriate technical and
organisational measures to ensure and be able
to demonstrate that the handling of personal
data is performed in accordance with relevant
law, an idea codified in the EU General Data
Protection Regulation and other frameworks,
including APEC's Cross Border Privacy Rules.
Traditionally has been a fair information
practices principle, that due diligence and
reasonable steps will be undertaken to ensure
that personal information will be protected and
handled consistently with relevant law and other
fair use principles.
,Accuracy Organizations must take every reasonable step
to ensure the data processed is this and, where
necessary, kept up to date. Reasonable
measures should be understood as implementing
processes to prevent inaccuracies during the
data collection process as well as during the
ongoing data processing in relation to the
specific use for which the data is processed. The
organization must consider the type of data and
the specific purposes to maintain the accuracy of
personal data in relation to the purpose. Also
embodies the responsibility to respond to data
subject requests to correct records that contain
incomplete information or misinformation.
Adequate Level of Protection A transfer of personal data from the European
Union to a third country or an international
organisation may take place where the European
Commission has decided that the third country, a
territory or one or more specified sectors within
that third country, or the international
organisation in question, ensures this by taking
into account the following elements: (a) the rule
of law, respect for human rights and fundamental
freedoms, both general and sectoral legislation,
data protection rules, professional rules and
security measures, effective and enforceable
data subject rights and effective administrative
and judicial redress for the data subjects whose
personal data is being transferred; (b) the
existence and effective functioning of
independent supervisory authorities with
responsibility for ensuring and enforcing
compliance with the data protection rules; (c) the
international commitments the third country or
international organisation concerned has entered
into in relation to the protection of personal
data.
,Annual Reports The requirement under the GDPR that the
European Data Protection Board and each
supervisory authority periodically report on their
activities. The supervisory authority report
should include infringements and the activities
that the authority conducted under their Article
58(2) powers. The EDPB report should include
guidelines, recommendations, best practices
and binding decisions. Additionally, the report
should include the protection of natural persons
with regard to processing in the EU and, where
relevant, in third countries and international
organisations. Shall be made public and be
transmitted to the European Parliament, to the
Council and to the Commission.
Anonymous Information In contrast to personal data, this is not related to
an identified or an identifiable natural person and
cannot be combined with other information to
re-identify individuals. It has been rendered
unidentifiable and, as such, is not protected by
the GDPR.
Anti-discrimination Laws indications of special classes of personal data. If
there exists law protecting against discrimination
based on a class or status, it is likely personal
information relating to that class or status is
subject to more stringent data protection
regulation, under the GDPR or otherwise.
, Appropriate Safeguards The GDPR refers to these in a number of
contexts, including the transfer of personal data
to third countries outside the European Union,
the processing of special categories of data, and
the processing of personal data in a law
enforcement context. This generally refers to the
application of the general data protection
principles, in particular purpose limitation, data
minimisation, limited storage periods, data
quality, data protection by design and by default,
legal basis for processing, processing of special
categories of personal data, measures to ensure
data security, and the requirements in respect of
onward transfers to bodies not bound by the
binding corporate rules. This may also refer to
the use of encryption or pseudonymization,
standard data protection clauses adopted by the
Commission, contractual clauses authorized by a
supervisory authority, or certification schemes or
codes of conduct authorized by the Commission
or a supervisory authority. Should ensure
compliance with data protection requirements
and the rights of the data subjects appropriate to
processing within the European Union.
