, TESTBANK FOR
ECGs Made Easy 7th Edition Aehlert
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,Chapter 01: Anatomy and Physiology
Aehlert: ECGs Made Easy, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The apex of the heart is formed by the _____.
a. tip of the left ventricle
b. tip of the right atrium
c. right atrium and right ventricle
d. left atrium and left ventricle
ANS: A
The heart’s apex, or lower portion, is formed by the tip of the left ventricle. The apex lies just
above the diaphragm, between the fifth and sixth ribs, in the midclavicular line.
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.
2. The left atrium receives blood from the _____.
a. pulmonary veins
b. aorta
c. pulmonary arteries
d. inferior vena cava
ANS: A
The left atrium receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs via the right and left
pulmonary veins.
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
3. The anterior surface of the heart consists primarily of the _____.
a. left atrium
b. right atrium
c. left ventricle
d. right ventricle
ANS: D
The front (anterior) surface of the heart lies behind the sternum and costal cartilages. It is
formed by portions of the right atrium and the left and right ventricles. However, because the
heart is tilted slightly toward the left in the chest, the right ventricle is the area of the heart that
lies most directly behind the sternum.
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.
4. Blood pressure is determined by _____ multiplied by _____.
a. stroke volume; heart rate
b. heart rate; cardiac output
c. cardiac output; peripheral vascular resistance
d. stroke volume; peripheral vascular resistance
ANS: C
Blood pressure is equal to cardiac output multiplied by peripheral vascular resistance.
, OBJ: Identify and explain the components of blood pressure and cardiac output.
5. The right atrium receives venous blood from the head, neck, and thorax via the _____, from
the remainder of the body via the _____, and from the heart via the _____.
a. coronary sinus; superior vena cava; inferior vena cava
b. superior vena cava; coronary sinus; inferior vena cava
c. inferior vena cava; superior vena cava; coronary sinus
d. superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; coronary sinus
ANS: D
The right atrium receives blood low in oxygen from the superior vena cava, which carries
blood from the head and upper extremities; the inferior vena cava, which carries blood from
the lower body; and the coronary sinus, which is the largest vein that drains the heart.
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
6. The heart is divided into _____ chambers but functions as a _____-sided pump.
a. two; four
b. three; two
c. four; two
d. four; three
ANS: C
The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The right and left sides of the heart
are separated by an internal wall of connective tissue called a septum. The interatrial septum
separates the right and left atria. The interventricular septum separates the right and left
ventricles. The septa separate the heart into two functional pumps. The right atrium and right
ventricle make up one pump. The left atrium and left ventricle make up the other.
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
7. Stimulation of alpha1 receptors results in _____.
a. increased heart rate
b. peripheral vasoconstriction
c. constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
d. increased force of myocardial contraction
ANS: B
Alpha1 receptors are found in the eyes, blood vessels, bladder, and male reproductive organs.
Stimulation of alpha1 receptor sites results in constriction.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
8. Which side of the heart is a low-pressure system that pumps venous blood to the lungs?
a. Left
b. Right
ANS: B
The job of the right side of the heart is to pump unoxygenated blood to and through the lungs
to the left side of the heart. This is called the pulmonary circulation. The right side of the heart
is a low-pressure system.
, OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
9. Which side of the heart is a high-pressure system that pumps arterial blood to the systemic
circulation?
a. Left
b. Right
ANS: A
The left side of the heart is a high-pressure pump. The job of the left heart is to receive
oxygenated blood and pump it out to the rest of the body. This is called the systemic
circulation. The left ventricle is a high-pressure chamber. Its wall is much thicker than the
right ventricle (the right ventricle is 3 to 5 mm thick; the left ventricle is 13 to 15 mm thick).
This is because the left ventricle must overcome a lot of pressure and resistance from the
arteries and contract forcefully in order to pump blood out to the body.
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
10. The thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the atrial and ventricular
muscle fibers necessary for contraction is the _____.
a. epicardium
b. pericardium
c. myocardium
d. endocardium
ANS: C
The myocardium (middle layer) is a thick, muscular layer that consists of cardiac muscle
fibers (cells) responsible for the pumping action of the heart.
OBJ: Describe the structure and function of the coverings of the heart.
11. Blood flows from the right atrium through the _____ valve into the right ventricle.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANS: D
Blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
systemic circulation.
12. Rapid ejection of blood from the ventricular chambers of the heart occurs because the _____
and _____ valves open.
a. pulmonic; aortic
b. tricuspid; mitral
c. pulmonic; mitral
d. tricuspid; aortic
ANS: A
, When the ventricles contract, the pulmonic and aortic valves open, allowing blood to flow out
of the ventricles.
OBJ: Name and identify the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
13. The base of the heart is found at approximately the level of the _____ rib(s).
a. first
b. second
c. fourth
d. fifth and sixth
ANS: B
The base of the heart is its upper portion and is formed mainly by the left atrium, with a small
amount of right atrium. It lies at approximately the level of the second rib, immediately in
front of the esophagus and descending aorta.
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.
14. Which of the following are semilunar valves?
a. Aortic and pulmonic
b. Aortic and tricuspid
c. Pulmonic and mitral
d. Tricuspid and mitral
ANS: A
The pulmonic and aortic valves are semilunar (SL) valves. The semilunar valves prevent
backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary arteries into the ventricles.
OBJ: Name and identify the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
15. Blood leaves the left ventricle through the _____ valve to the aorta and its branches and is
distributed throughout the body.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANS: B
When the left ventricle contracts, freshly oxygenated blood flows through the aortic valve into
the aorta and out to the body.
OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
systemic circulation.
16. Blood flows from the left atrium through the _____ valve into the left ventricle.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANS: A
Blood flows from the left atrium through the mitral (bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle.
, OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
systemic circulation.
17. The right ventricle expels blood through the _____ valve into the pulmonary trunk.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANS: C
The right ventricle expels the blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary trunk. The
pulmonary trunk divides into a right and left pulmonary artery, each of which carries blood to
one lung (pulmonary circuit).
OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
systemic circulation.
18. The primary neurotransmitters of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
are _____.
a. dopamine and acetylcholine
b. muscarine and norepinephrine
c. acetylcholine and epinephrine
d. norepinephrine and epinephrine
ANS: D
When sympathetic nerves are stimulated, the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and
epinephrine are released.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
19. Complete occlusion of the _____ coronary artery, also referred to as the widow maker, usually
results in sudden death.
a. right
b. left main
c. circumflex
d. left anterior descending
ANS: B
Complete occlusion of the left main coronary artery, also referred to as the widow maker,
usually results in sudden death.
OBJ: Name the primary branches and areas of the heart supplied by the right and left coronary
arteries.
20. Stimulation of beta2 receptor sites results in _____.
a. increased heart rate
b. peripheral vasoconstriction
c. constriction of renal blood vessels
d. dilation of bronchial smooth muscle
ANS: D
, Beta2 receptor sites are found in the arterioles of the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle.
Stimulation results in dilation. Stimulation of beta2 receptor sites in the smooth muscle of the
bronchi results in dilation.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
21. Chronotropy refers to an effect on _____.
a. heart rate
b. force of contraction
c. bronchial smooth muscle
d. speed of conduction through the atrioventricular node
ANS: A
Chrono refers to rate. Chronotropic effect refers to a change in heart rate. Positive
chronotropic effect refers to an increase in heart rate. Negative chronotropic effect refers to a
decrease in heart rate.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
22. The left main coronary artery divides into the _____ branches.
a. marginal and circumflex
b. marginal and anterior descending
c. anterior and posterior descending
d. anterior interventricular artery descending and circumflex
ANS: D
The left main coronary artery supplies oxygenated blood to its two primary branches: the left
anterior descending (LAD) (also called the anterior interventricular) artery and the
circumflex artery (CX).
OBJ: Name the primary branches and areas of the heart supplied by the right and left coronary
arteries.
23. The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous
system is _____.
a. dopamine
b. muscarine
c. acetylcholine
d. norepinephrine
ANS: C
Acetylcholine (Ach) is a chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) released when
parasympathetic nerves are stimulated. Ach binds to parasympathetic receptors.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
24. The _____ artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood.
a. right coronary
b. left main coronary
c. left circumflex
d. left anterior descending
, ANS: A
The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood.
OBJ: Name the primary branches and areas of the heart supplied by the right and left coronary
arteries.
25. The tricuspid valve is _____.
a. a semilunar valve
b. located between the left ventricle and aorta
c. located between the right atrium and right ventricle
d. located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
ANS: C
The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
OBJ: Identify and describe the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
26. When the left ventricle contracts, freshly oxygenated blood flows through the _____ valve
into the _____.
a. aortic; aorta
b. mitral; right atrium
c. tricuspid; right ventricle
d. pulmonic; pulmonary arteries
ANS: A
When the ventricles contract, the semilunar valves open, allowing blood to flow out of the
ventricles. When the right ventricle contracts, blood that is low in oxygen flows through the
pulmonic valve into the right and left pulmonary arteries. When the left ventricle contracts,
freshly oxygenated blood flows through the aortic valve into the aorta and out to the body.
OBJ: Identify and describe the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
27. Thin strands of fibrous connective tissue extend from the atrioventricular (AV) valves to the
papillary muscles and prevent the AV valves from bulging back into the atria during
ventricular systole. These strands are called _____.
a. cardiac cilia
b. Purkinje fibers
c. papillary muscles
d. chordae tendineae
ANS: D
Chordae tendineae are thin strands of connective tissue. On one end, they are attached to the
underside of the AV valves. On the other end, they are attached to small mounds of
myocardium called papillary muscles. Papillary muscles project inward from the lower
portion of the ventricular walls. When the ventricles contract and relax, so do the papillary
muscles. The papillary muscles adjust their tension on the chordae tendineae, preventing them
from bulging too far into the atria. Cardiac cilia are not present. Purkinje fibers are related to
the electrical system of the heart and not fibrous connective tissue.
OBJ: Identify and describe the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
28. What may affect the heart’s efficiency as a pump?
, a. Abnormalities of the valves
b. Ejection fraction of 65%
c. Pulmonic veins carrying deoxygenated blood
d. Heart rate of 82
ANS: A
Abnormalities of cardiac muscle, the valves, or the conduction system. An ejection fraction of
65% is normal, pulmonic veins do carry deoxygenated blood and a hear rate of 82. These
aspects will not affect the hearts ability to pump but valve abnormalities will.
OBJ: Identify and explain the components of blood pressure and cardiac output.
29. Name the valve that separates the right ventricle from the right atrium.
a. Tricuspid valve
b. Pulmonic valve
c. AV valves
d. Aortic valve
ANS: A
OBJ: Name and identify the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
30. A patient has a heart rate of 80 beats/min. His stroke volume is 70 mL/beat. Which statement
is true?
a. Findings are all normal.
b. Stroke volume is too high.
c. Cardiac output is low.
d. Ejection fraction is 75%.
ANS: C
Output is normal.
Stroke volume = 70 mL/beat
Heart rate = 80 beats/minute
SV HR = CO
70 mL/beat 80 beats/min = 5600 mL/min = 5.6 L/min
Cardiac output = normal (normal is between 4 and 8 L/min)
OBJ: Identify and explain the components of blood pressure and cardiac output.
31. What is the function of the right atrium?
a. Receive blood
b. Separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
c. Uses cordeatendea to close valves
d. Oxygenated blood reservoir
ANS: A
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava (which carries
blood from the head and upper extremities), the inferior vena cava (which carries blood from
the lower body), and the coronary sinus (which receives blood from the intracardiac
circulation). Blood passes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle.
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
ECGs Made Easy 7th Edition Aehlert
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
Purchase Guarantee
If you believe you have purchased the wrong file, don’t worry. Contact us anytime and we
will gladly replace it with the correct version.
Contact Email:
,Chapter 01: Anatomy and Physiology
Aehlert: ECGs Made Easy, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The apex of the heart is formed by the _____.
a. tip of the left ventricle
b. tip of the right atrium
c. right atrium and right ventricle
d. left atrium and left ventricle
ANS: A
The heart’s apex, or lower portion, is formed by the tip of the left ventricle. The apex lies just
above the diaphragm, between the fifth and sixth ribs, in the midclavicular line.
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.
2. The left atrium receives blood from the _____.
a. pulmonary veins
b. aorta
c. pulmonary arteries
d. inferior vena cava
ANS: A
The left atrium receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs via the right and left
pulmonary veins.
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
3. The anterior surface of the heart consists primarily of the _____.
a. left atrium
b. right atrium
c. left ventricle
d. right ventricle
ANS: D
The front (anterior) surface of the heart lies behind the sternum and costal cartilages. It is
formed by portions of the right atrium and the left and right ventricles. However, because the
heart is tilted slightly toward the left in the chest, the right ventricle is the area of the heart that
lies most directly behind the sternum.
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.
4. Blood pressure is determined by _____ multiplied by _____.
a. stroke volume; heart rate
b. heart rate; cardiac output
c. cardiac output; peripheral vascular resistance
d. stroke volume; peripheral vascular resistance
ANS: C
Blood pressure is equal to cardiac output multiplied by peripheral vascular resistance.
, OBJ: Identify and explain the components of blood pressure and cardiac output.
5. The right atrium receives venous blood from the head, neck, and thorax via the _____, from
the remainder of the body via the _____, and from the heart via the _____.
a. coronary sinus; superior vena cava; inferior vena cava
b. superior vena cava; coronary sinus; inferior vena cava
c. inferior vena cava; superior vena cava; coronary sinus
d. superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; coronary sinus
ANS: D
The right atrium receives blood low in oxygen from the superior vena cava, which carries
blood from the head and upper extremities; the inferior vena cava, which carries blood from
the lower body; and the coronary sinus, which is the largest vein that drains the heart.
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
6. The heart is divided into _____ chambers but functions as a _____-sided pump.
a. two; four
b. three; two
c. four; two
d. four; three
ANS: C
The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The right and left sides of the heart
are separated by an internal wall of connective tissue called a septum. The interatrial septum
separates the right and left atria. The interventricular septum separates the right and left
ventricles. The septa separate the heart into two functional pumps. The right atrium and right
ventricle make up one pump. The left atrium and left ventricle make up the other.
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
7. Stimulation of alpha1 receptors results in _____.
a. increased heart rate
b. peripheral vasoconstriction
c. constriction of bronchial smooth muscle
d. increased force of myocardial contraction
ANS: B
Alpha1 receptors are found in the eyes, blood vessels, bladder, and male reproductive organs.
Stimulation of alpha1 receptor sites results in constriction.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
8. Which side of the heart is a low-pressure system that pumps venous blood to the lungs?
a. Left
b. Right
ANS: B
The job of the right side of the heart is to pump unoxygenated blood to and through the lungs
to the left side of the heart. This is called the pulmonary circulation. The right side of the heart
is a low-pressure system.
, OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
9. Which side of the heart is a high-pressure system that pumps arterial blood to the systemic
circulation?
a. Left
b. Right
ANS: A
The left side of the heart is a high-pressure pump. The job of the left heart is to receive
oxygenated blood and pump it out to the rest of the body. This is called the systemic
circulation. The left ventricle is a high-pressure chamber. Its wall is much thicker than the
right ventricle (the right ventricle is 3 to 5 mm thick; the left ventricle is 13 to 15 mm thick).
This is because the left ventricle must overcome a lot of pressure and resistance from the
arteries and contract forcefully in order to pump blood out to the body.
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
10. The thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the atrial and ventricular
muscle fibers necessary for contraction is the _____.
a. epicardium
b. pericardium
c. myocardium
d. endocardium
ANS: C
The myocardium (middle layer) is a thick, muscular layer that consists of cardiac muscle
fibers (cells) responsible for the pumping action of the heart.
OBJ: Describe the structure and function of the coverings of the heart.
11. Blood flows from the right atrium through the _____ valve into the right ventricle.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANS: D
Blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
systemic circulation.
12. Rapid ejection of blood from the ventricular chambers of the heart occurs because the _____
and _____ valves open.
a. pulmonic; aortic
b. tricuspid; mitral
c. pulmonic; mitral
d. tricuspid; aortic
ANS: A
, When the ventricles contract, the pulmonic and aortic valves open, allowing blood to flow out
of the ventricles.
OBJ: Name and identify the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
13. The base of the heart is found at approximately the level of the _____ rib(s).
a. first
b. second
c. fourth
d. fifth and sixth
ANS: B
The base of the heart is its upper portion and is formed mainly by the left atrium, with a small
amount of right atrium. It lies at approximately the level of the second rib, immediately in
front of the esophagus and descending aorta.
OBJ: Identify the surfaces of the heart.
14. Which of the following are semilunar valves?
a. Aortic and pulmonic
b. Aortic and tricuspid
c. Pulmonic and mitral
d. Tricuspid and mitral
ANS: A
The pulmonic and aortic valves are semilunar (SL) valves. The semilunar valves prevent
backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary arteries into the ventricles.
OBJ: Name and identify the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
15. Blood leaves the left ventricle through the _____ valve to the aorta and its branches and is
distributed throughout the body.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANS: B
When the left ventricle contracts, freshly oxygenated blood flows through the aortic valve into
the aorta and out to the body.
OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
systemic circulation.
16. Blood flows from the left atrium through the _____ valve into the left ventricle.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANS: A
Blood flows from the left atrium through the mitral (bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle.
, OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
systemic circulation.
17. The right ventricle expels blood through the _____ valve into the pulmonary trunk.
a. mitral
b. aortic
c. pulmonic
d. tricuspid
ANS: C
The right ventricle expels the blood through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary trunk. The
pulmonary trunk divides into a right and left pulmonary artery, each of which carries blood to
one lung (pulmonary circuit).
OBJ: Beginning with the right atrium, describe blood flow through the normal heart and lungs to the
systemic circulation.
18. The primary neurotransmitters of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
are _____.
a. dopamine and acetylcholine
b. muscarine and norepinephrine
c. acetylcholine and epinephrine
d. norepinephrine and epinephrine
ANS: D
When sympathetic nerves are stimulated, the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and
epinephrine are released.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
19. Complete occlusion of the _____ coronary artery, also referred to as the widow maker, usually
results in sudden death.
a. right
b. left main
c. circumflex
d. left anterior descending
ANS: B
Complete occlusion of the left main coronary artery, also referred to as the widow maker,
usually results in sudden death.
OBJ: Name the primary branches and areas of the heart supplied by the right and left coronary
arteries.
20. Stimulation of beta2 receptor sites results in _____.
a. increased heart rate
b. peripheral vasoconstriction
c. constriction of renal blood vessels
d. dilation of bronchial smooth muscle
ANS: D
, Beta2 receptor sites are found in the arterioles of the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle.
Stimulation results in dilation. Stimulation of beta2 receptor sites in the smooth muscle of the
bronchi results in dilation.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
21. Chronotropy refers to an effect on _____.
a. heart rate
b. force of contraction
c. bronchial smooth muscle
d. speed of conduction through the atrioventricular node
ANS: A
Chrono refers to rate. Chronotropic effect refers to a change in heart rate. Positive
chronotropic effect refers to an increase in heart rate. Negative chronotropic effect refers to a
decrease in heart rate.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
22. The left main coronary artery divides into the _____ branches.
a. marginal and circumflex
b. marginal and anterior descending
c. anterior and posterior descending
d. anterior interventricular artery descending and circumflex
ANS: D
The left main coronary artery supplies oxygenated blood to its two primary branches: the left
anterior descending (LAD) (also called the anterior interventricular) artery and the
circumflex artery (CX).
OBJ: Name the primary branches and areas of the heart supplied by the right and left coronary
arteries.
23. The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous
system is _____.
a. dopamine
b. muscarine
c. acetylcholine
d. norepinephrine
ANS: C
Acetylcholine (Ach) is a chemical messenger (neurotransmitter) released when
parasympathetic nerves are stimulated. Ach binds to parasympathetic receptors.
OBJ: Compare and contrast the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
24. The _____ artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood.
a. right coronary
b. left main coronary
c. left circumflex
d. left anterior descending
, ANS: A
The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood.
OBJ: Name the primary branches and areas of the heart supplied by the right and left coronary
arteries.
25. The tricuspid valve is _____.
a. a semilunar valve
b. located between the left ventricle and aorta
c. located between the right atrium and right ventricle
d. located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
ANS: C
The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
OBJ: Identify and describe the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
26. When the left ventricle contracts, freshly oxygenated blood flows through the _____ valve
into the _____.
a. aortic; aorta
b. mitral; right atrium
c. tricuspid; right ventricle
d. pulmonic; pulmonary arteries
ANS: A
When the ventricles contract, the semilunar valves open, allowing blood to flow out of the
ventricles. When the right ventricle contracts, blood that is low in oxygen flows through the
pulmonic valve into the right and left pulmonary arteries. When the left ventricle contracts,
freshly oxygenated blood flows through the aortic valve into the aorta and out to the body.
OBJ: Identify and describe the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
27. Thin strands of fibrous connective tissue extend from the atrioventricular (AV) valves to the
papillary muscles and prevent the AV valves from bulging back into the atria during
ventricular systole. These strands are called _____.
a. cardiac cilia
b. Purkinje fibers
c. papillary muscles
d. chordae tendineae
ANS: D
Chordae tendineae are thin strands of connective tissue. On one end, they are attached to the
underside of the AV valves. On the other end, they are attached to small mounds of
myocardium called papillary muscles. Papillary muscles project inward from the lower
portion of the ventricular walls. When the ventricles contract and relax, so do the papillary
muscles. The papillary muscles adjust their tension on the chordae tendineae, preventing them
from bulging too far into the atria. Cardiac cilia are not present. Purkinje fibers are related to
the electrical system of the heart and not fibrous connective tissue.
OBJ: Identify and describe the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
28. What may affect the heart’s efficiency as a pump?
, a. Abnormalities of the valves
b. Ejection fraction of 65%
c. Pulmonic veins carrying deoxygenated blood
d. Heart rate of 82
ANS: A
Abnormalities of cardiac muscle, the valves, or the conduction system. An ejection fraction of
65% is normal, pulmonic veins do carry deoxygenated blood and a hear rate of 82. These
aspects will not affect the hearts ability to pump but valve abnormalities will.
OBJ: Identify and explain the components of blood pressure and cardiac output.
29. Name the valve that separates the right ventricle from the right atrium.
a. Tricuspid valve
b. Pulmonic valve
c. AV valves
d. Aortic valve
ANS: A
OBJ: Name and identify the location of the atrioventricular (AV) and semilunar (SL) valves.
30. A patient has a heart rate of 80 beats/min. His stroke volume is 70 mL/beat. Which statement
is true?
a. Findings are all normal.
b. Stroke volume is too high.
c. Cardiac output is low.
d. Ejection fraction is 75%.
ANS: C
Output is normal.
Stroke volume = 70 mL/beat
Heart rate = 80 beats/minute
SV HR = CO
70 mL/beat 80 beats/min = 5600 mL/min = 5.6 L/min
Cardiac output = normal (normal is between 4 and 8 L/min)
OBJ: Identify and explain the components of blood pressure and cardiac output.
31. What is the function of the right atrium?
a. Receive blood
b. Separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
c. Uses cordeatendea to close valves
d. Oxygenated blood reservoir
ANS: A
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava (which carries
blood from the head and upper extremities), the inferior vena cava (which carries blood from
the lower body), and the coronary sinus (which receives blood from the intracardiac
circulation). Blood passes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle.
OBJ: Identify and describe the chambers of the heart and the vessels that enter or leave each.
