NU 185
NU 185 Med Surge II EXAM 3 Graded A+ 2026
What is the work of the heart?
Answer: To pump blood to the body
Why does the heart pump blood to the body?
Answer: To deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells; To remove waste from the cells
CARDIAC OUTPUT
Answer: Measure of pumping ability
CARDIAC ARREST
Answer: Heart doesn't beat; Cardiac output is nothing
CARDIAC FAILURE
Answer: Heart doesn't beat well enough; ranges from mild to major to
cardiogenic shock
CO=HR x SV?
Answer:
• CO = Amount of blood pumped by the heart in a specific time period
• SV = Amount of blood pumped out with each beat
• HR = Number of times heart beats in 1 minute
When treating heart failure we are treating:
Answer: Cardiac output
If the Left Side of Heart Fails:
Answer: Blood backs up into the lungs (Left-sided heart failure)
If the Right Side of Heart Fails:
Answer: Blood backs up into the body (Right-sided heart failure)
If both sides of the heart fail:
Answer: All of the above along with end organ damage
NU 185
, NU 185
END ORGAN PROBLEMS
Answer: Kidney failure, liver congestion, GI distress, cerebral hypoxia, edema
Heart Sounds / Valve Mnemonic
Answer: Right side: To (Tricuspid) Pump (Pulmonic); Left side: More (Mitral)
Always (Aortic) — “APE to MAN”
Arteries
Answer: Leave the heart; carry oxygen & nutrients to cells
Veins
Answer: Return to the heart; carry away waste products
Capillaries
Answer: Link venous system and arterial system
Big Vessels
Answer: Aorta and Vena Cava
Regular Vessels
Answer: Arteries and Veins
Little Vessels
Answer: Arterioles and Venules
Echocardiogram/TEE
Answer: Visualizes size, shape, position, wall motion, valve function; estimates
ejection fraction
Stress Test
Answer: Non-invasive, detects CAD severity, measures functional capacity
Holter Monitoring
Answer: Identifies irregular heart rhythms if suspected cause of symptoms
NU 185
NU 185 Med Surge II EXAM 3 Graded A+ 2026
What is the work of the heart?
Answer: To pump blood to the body
Why does the heart pump blood to the body?
Answer: To deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells; To remove waste from the cells
CARDIAC OUTPUT
Answer: Measure of pumping ability
CARDIAC ARREST
Answer: Heart doesn't beat; Cardiac output is nothing
CARDIAC FAILURE
Answer: Heart doesn't beat well enough; ranges from mild to major to
cardiogenic shock
CO=HR x SV?
Answer:
• CO = Amount of blood pumped by the heart in a specific time period
• SV = Amount of blood pumped out with each beat
• HR = Number of times heart beats in 1 minute
When treating heart failure we are treating:
Answer: Cardiac output
If the Left Side of Heart Fails:
Answer: Blood backs up into the lungs (Left-sided heart failure)
If the Right Side of Heart Fails:
Answer: Blood backs up into the body (Right-sided heart failure)
If both sides of the heart fail:
Answer: All of the above along with end organ damage
NU 185
, NU 185
END ORGAN PROBLEMS
Answer: Kidney failure, liver congestion, GI distress, cerebral hypoxia, edema
Heart Sounds / Valve Mnemonic
Answer: Right side: To (Tricuspid) Pump (Pulmonic); Left side: More (Mitral)
Always (Aortic) — “APE to MAN”
Arteries
Answer: Leave the heart; carry oxygen & nutrients to cells
Veins
Answer: Return to the heart; carry away waste products
Capillaries
Answer: Link venous system and arterial system
Big Vessels
Answer: Aorta and Vena Cava
Regular Vessels
Answer: Arteries and Veins
Little Vessels
Answer: Arterioles and Venules
Echocardiogram/TEE
Answer: Visualizes size, shape, position, wall motion, valve function; estimates
ejection fraction
Stress Test
Answer: Non-invasive, detects CAD severity, measures functional capacity
Holter Monitoring
Answer: Identifies irregular heart rhythms if suspected cause of symptoms
NU 185
