Heat - Answers Energy transferred due to temperature difference.
Work - Answers Energy transfer resulting from a force applied.
Temperature - Answers Measure of thermal energy in a substance.
Specific heat - Answers Heat required to raise 1 kg by 1°C.
ΔH - Answers Change in enthalpy during a reaction.
ΔHf - Answers Enthalpy change for formation of 1 mole.
Bond Dissociation Enthalpy - Answers Energy needed to break a bond in gas.
Calorimeter - Answers Device measuring heat transfer in reactions.
Electrolyte - Answers Substance that conducts electricity in solution.
Nonelectrolyte - Answers Substance that does not conduct electricity in solution.
Joule - Answers SI unit of energy, equivalent to 1 kg·m²/s².
Calorie - Answers Energy needed to raise 1 g of water by 1°C.
Half reaction - Answers Equation showing either oxidation or reduction process.
H+ - Answers Hydrogen ion, indicates acidity in solutions.
OH- - Answers Hydroxide ion, indicates basicity in solutions.
H2O - Answers Chemical formula for water, essential solvent.
Oxidation - Answers Loss of electrons or increase in oxidation state.
Reduction - Answers Gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation state.
Reducing Agent - Answers Substance that donates electrons in a reaction.
Oxidizing Agent - Answers Substance that accepts electrons in a reaction.
Decomposition - Answers Reaction where a compound breaks into simpler substances.
Combination/Synthesis - Answers Reaction where two or more substances form one.
Redox - Answers Reactions involving both reduction and oxidation.
Single replacement - Answers Reaction where one element replaces another in a compound.
Double replacement - Answers Reaction where components of two compounds exchange places.
Combustion - Answers Exothermic reaction of a substance with oxygen.
Endothermic - Answers Reaction absorbing heat from surroundings.
Exothermic - Answers Reaction releasing heat to surroundings.
Acid-Base - Answers Reactions involving proton transfer between species.
Precipitate - Answers Solid formed from a solution during a reaction.
Gas forming - Answers Reaction producing gas as a product.
Pressure - Answers Force exerted per unit area.
Partial pressure - Answers Pressure exerted by a single gas in a mixture.
Volume - Answers Space occupied by a substance.
Time - Answers Duration for which an event occurs.
Mole - Answers Amount of substance containing 6.022 x 10²³ entities.
Gas constant - Answers Value used in ideal gas law, R = 0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol).
Ideal gas - Answers Hypothetical gas following gas laws perfectly.
Real gas - Answers Gas that deviates from ideal gas behavior.
Celsius - Answers Temperature scale based on freezing and boiling points of water.
Kelvin - Answers Absolute temperature scale, 0 K is absolute zero.
Fahrenheit - Answers Temperature scale where water freezes at 32°F.
Atm - Answers Standard atmospheric pressure, 101.3 kPa.
mmHg/Torr - Answers Units of pressure, 1 mmHg = 1 Torr.
STP - Answers Standard Temperature and Pressure, 0°C and 1 atm.
Increase - Answers To become greater in size or amount.
Decrease - Answers To become smaller in size or amount.
No effect - Answers Condition where a variable does not change.