BIO 2100
BIO 2100 Exam 1 Galen Study Questions with
Verified Answers Graded A+ 2026
Which type of microscopy allows one to see internal structures of bacterial cells?
Answer: Transmission electron microscopy
What structure associated with the condenser lens is used to control the amount
of light that reaches a specimen in a compound light microscope?
Answer: Iris diaphragm
Which microscope produces an image of a light cell against a dark background;
internal structures are not visible?
Answer: Darkfield microscope
What are the 3 domains in the three-domain system?
Answer: Archaea, Eukarya, and Animalia
Characteristics of protozoa?
Answer: Classified by their method of locomotion, unicellular and all eukaryotic
Who first understood that fermentation was a biological process and developed a
process to heat treat beverages?
Answer: Pasteur
What lacks a membrane-bound nucleus?
Answer: Bacteria
Which scientist is credited with being the father of medical microbiology and
came up with the postulates to prove which microbe is the causative agent of a
particular disease?
Answer: Koch
What activities of microbes is a vital activity that some bacteria perform?
Answer: Participating in decomposition and mineral cycles, fixing nitrogen for
plants, and producing O2 via photosynthesis
BIO 2100
,BIO 2100
What is microbiology?
Answer: The study of microorganisms
What are microorganisms?
Answer: Microscopic organisms smaller than 1 mm
Microorganisms are?
Answer: Ubiquitous
What percentage of known microorganisms are pathogens?
Answer: 3-10%
Define microbe diversity
Answer: Organisms that can adapt very quickly
Define normal microbiota
Answer: Organisms that normally live on and in us; they out-compete invading
organisms
Define infectious disease
Answer: Transmitted from one person to another and causes damage to the
host
Define opportunistic pathogens
Answer: Organisms usually harmless but can cause disease depending on the
host’s condition
Define microbial intoxications
Answer: When the microorganism produces a toxin
Define a biofilm
Answer: A thin, slimy film of bacteria that adheres to a solid surface
What does it mean to be photosynthetic?
Answer: Use light energy to make cellular energy and fix carbon from CO2 into
organic molecules
What produces the most oxygen on earth?
Answer: Photosynthetic algae
BIO 2100
, BIO 2100
Photosynthetic organisms use what and produce what?
Answer: Use CO2 and produce O2
Animals use what and produce what?
Answer: Use O2 and produce CO2
What are the basis of the food chain?
Answer: Bacteria and algae
Small animals eat what?
Answer: Insects, zooplankton, phytoplankton
Insects and zooplankton eat what?
Answer: Algae and bacteria
Fungi and bacteria provide what to who?
Answer: Nutrients for plants (decomposers)
Microbes do what in the food chain?
Answer: Decompose dead organic matter and recycle nutrients
Define nitrogen fixation when it comes to nutrient cycling
Answer: Conversion of inorganic N2 into ammonia, nitrates, etc., usable by
other organisms
Define the carbon cycle
Answer: Photosynthetic organisms use CO2 and produce O2
Define carbon fixation when it comes to nutrient cycling
Answer: Photosynthetic organisms convert inorganic carbon (CO2) into organic
carbon (glucose)
Define symbiotic relationships
Answer: Interaction between two different organisms
Define bioremediation
Answer: Some microbes degrade wastes
Define biotechnology
Answer: Any use of an organism
BIO 2100
BIO 2100 Exam 1 Galen Study Questions with
Verified Answers Graded A+ 2026
Which type of microscopy allows one to see internal structures of bacterial cells?
Answer: Transmission electron microscopy
What structure associated with the condenser lens is used to control the amount
of light that reaches a specimen in a compound light microscope?
Answer: Iris diaphragm
Which microscope produces an image of a light cell against a dark background;
internal structures are not visible?
Answer: Darkfield microscope
What are the 3 domains in the three-domain system?
Answer: Archaea, Eukarya, and Animalia
Characteristics of protozoa?
Answer: Classified by their method of locomotion, unicellular and all eukaryotic
Who first understood that fermentation was a biological process and developed a
process to heat treat beverages?
Answer: Pasteur
What lacks a membrane-bound nucleus?
Answer: Bacteria
Which scientist is credited with being the father of medical microbiology and
came up with the postulates to prove which microbe is the causative agent of a
particular disease?
Answer: Koch
What activities of microbes is a vital activity that some bacteria perform?
Answer: Participating in decomposition and mineral cycles, fixing nitrogen for
plants, and producing O2 via photosynthesis
BIO 2100
,BIO 2100
What is microbiology?
Answer: The study of microorganisms
What are microorganisms?
Answer: Microscopic organisms smaller than 1 mm
Microorganisms are?
Answer: Ubiquitous
What percentage of known microorganisms are pathogens?
Answer: 3-10%
Define microbe diversity
Answer: Organisms that can adapt very quickly
Define normal microbiota
Answer: Organisms that normally live on and in us; they out-compete invading
organisms
Define infectious disease
Answer: Transmitted from one person to another and causes damage to the
host
Define opportunistic pathogens
Answer: Organisms usually harmless but can cause disease depending on the
host’s condition
Define microbial intoxications
Answer: When the microorganism produces a toxin
Define a biofilm
Answer: A thin, slimy film of bacteria that adheres to a solid surface
What does it mean to be photosynthetic?
Answer: Use light energy to make cellular energy and fix carbon from CO2 into
organic molecules
What produces the most oxygen on earth?
Answer: Photosynthetic algae
BIO 2100
, BIO 2100
Photosynthetic organisms use what and produce what?
Answer: Use CO2 and produce O2
Animals use what and produce what?
Answer: Use O2 and produce CO2
What are the basis of the food chain?
Answer: Bacteria and algae
Small animals eat what?
Answer: Insects, zooplankton, phytoplankton
Insects and zooplankton eat what?
Answer: Algae and bacteria
Fungi and bacteria provide what to who?
Answer: Nutrients for plants (decomposers)
Microbes do what in the food chain?
Answer: Decompose dead organic matter and recycle nutrients
Define nitrogen fixation when it comes to nutrient cycling
Answer: Conversion of inorganic N2 into ammonia, nitrates, etc., usable by
other organisms
Define the carbon cycle
Answer: Photosynthetic organisms use CO2 and produce O2
Define carbon fixation when it comes to nutrient cycling
Answer: Photosynthetic organisms convert inorganic carbon (CO2) into organic
carbon (glucose)
Define symbiotic relationships
Answer: Interaction between two different organisms
Define bioremediation
Answer: Some microbes degrade wastes
Define biotechnology
Answer: Any use of an organism
BIO 2100
