Bontrager Chapter 19 Workbook Questions and Answers With Verified Solutions
2025
Which classification of joints are studied with arthrography? - ✔✔Synovial joints
Other than conventional radiography of synovial joints (e.g., arthrography), which imaging procedure is
preferred by physicians for studying synovial joints? - ✔✔MRI or CT
List the three common forms of knee injury that may require arthrography: - ✔✔1. Tears of the joint
capsule
2. Tears of the menisci
3. Tears of ligaments
Give an example of nontraumatic pathology of the knee joint indicating arthrography. - ✔✔Baker's cyst
What are the two primary contraindications for arthrography of any joint? - ✔✔Allergic reactions to
iodine-based contrast media and local anesthetics
True/False: An arthrogram must be approached as a sterile procedure. Proper skin prep and sterility
must be maintained. - ✔✔True
True/False: After the contrast medium is introduced into the knee joint, the knee must not be flexed or
exercised. - ✔✔False; needs to be flexed to distribute contrast media
What is the normal appearance of synovial fluid? - ✔✔Clear and tinged yellow
List the two types of contrast media used for a knee arthrogram: - ✔✔1. Positive or radiopaque media
such as iodinated, water-soluble contrast agent
2. Negative or radiolucent contrast agents, such as room air, oxygen, or carbon dioxide
,List the two routine projections for conventional radiographic projections used for knee arthrography: -
✔✔1. AP
2. Lateral
On average, how many exposure are taken of each meniscus during fluoroscopy of the knee? - ✔✔Nine
images per meniscus
How many degrees of rotation of the leg are used between exposures? - ✔✔20 degrees
What four aspects of shoulder anatomy are demonstrated with shoulder arthrography? - ✔✔1. Joint
capsule
2. Rotator cuff
3. Long tendon of biceps
4. Articular cartilage
What is the general name for the conjoined tendons of the four major shoulder muscles? - ✔✔Rotator
cuff
What type of needle is commonly used for shoulder arthrograms? - ✔✔2 3/4-3 1/2" spinal needle
List three clinical indications for a shoulder arthrogram: - ✔✔1. Chronic pain
2. General weakness
3. Suspected tear in the rotator cuff
List the six projections frequently taken during a shoulder arthrogram: - ✔✔1. AP Scout
2. AP internal rotation
3. AP external rotation
4. Glenoid fossa (Grashey) projection
5. Transaxillary (inferosuperior axial) projection
6. Intertubercular (bicipital) sulcus projection
, Postoperative (T-tube) cholangiograms are usually performed to detect:
A. Pancreatitis
B. Biliary Stones
C. Liver Cyst
D. Infected gallbladder - ✔✔B. Biliary Stones
True/False: A surgeon usually performs T-tube cholangiography during a colectomy. - ✔✔False
Which two blood chemistry values must be checked before a postoperative (T-tube) cholangiogram? -
✔✔1. BUN
2. Creatinine
Why are the contrast media for a T-tube cholangiogram occasionally diluted before injection? -
✔✔Contrast media that are too concentrated may obscure small stones in the biliary ducts
True/False: Bile is sterile, and standard precautions do not apply when handling it. - ✔✔False
Situation: A T-tube cholangiogram image demonstrates the biliary ducts superimposed over the spine.
The patient is in an AP position. Which position would remove the ducts from the spine? - ✔✔RPO
position
Postoperative (T-tube) cholangiograms are generally performed _____. - ✔✔In the radiology
department
Which of the following procedures might be performed during a postoperative (T-tube) cholangiogram?
A. Removal of the gallbladder
B. Removal of a liver cyst
C. Removal of a biliary stone
D. Catheterization of the hepatic portal vein - ✔✔C. Removal of a biliary stone
2025
Which classification of joints are studied with arthrography? - ✔✔Synovial joints
Other than conventional radiography of synovial joints (e.g., arthrography), which imaging procedure is
preferred by physicians for studying synovial joints? - ✔✔MRI or CT
List the three common forms of knee injury that may require arthrography: - ✔✔1. Tears of the joint
capsule
2. Tears of the menisci
3. Tears of ligaments
Give an example of nontraumatic pathology of the knee joint indicating arthrography. - ✔✔Baker's cyst
What are the two primary contraindications for arthrography of any joint? - ✔✔Allergic reactions to
iodine-based contrast media and local anesthetics
True/False: An arthrogram must be approached as a sterile procedure. Proper skin prep and sterility
must be maintained. - ✔✔True
True/False: After the contrast medium is introduced into the knee joint, the knee must not be flexed or
exercised. - ✔✔False; needs to be flexed to distribute contrast media
What is the normal appearance of synovial fluid? - ✔✔Clear and tinged yellow
List the two types of contrast media used for a knee arthrogram: - ✔✔1. Positive or radiopaque media
such as iodinated, water-soluble contrast agent
2. Negative or radiolucent contrast agents, such as room air, oxygen, or carbon dioxide
,List the two routine projections for conventional radiographic projections used for knee arthrography: -
✔✔1. AP
2. Lateral
On average, how many exposure are taken of each meniscus during fluoroscopy of the knee? - ✔✔Nine
images per meniscus
How many degrees of rotation of the leg are used between exposures? - ✔✔20 degrees
What four aspects of shoulder anatomy are demonstrated with shoulder arthrography? - ✔✔1. Joint
capsule
2. Rotator cuff
3. Long tendon of biceps
4. Articular cartilage
What is the general name for the conjoined tendons of the four major shoulder muscles? - ✔✔Rotator
cuff
What type of needle is commonly used for shoulder arthrograms? - ✔✔2 3/4-3 1/2" spinal needle
List three clinical indications for a shoulder arthrogram: - ✔✔1. Chronic pain
2. General weakness
3. Suspected tear in the rotator cuff
List the six projections frequently taken during a shoulder arthrogram: - ✔✔1. AP Scout
2. AP internal rotation
3. AP external rotation
4. Glenoid fossa (Grashey) projection
5. Transaxillary (inferosuperior axial) projection
6. Intertubercular (bicipital) sulcus projection
, Postoperative (T-tube) cholangiograms are usually performed to detect:
A. Pancreatitis
B. Biliary Stones
C. Liver Cyst
D. Infected gallbladder - ✔✔B. Biliary Stones
True/False: A surgeon usually performs T-tube cholangiography during a colectomy. - ✔✔False
Which two blood chemistry values must be checked before a postoperative (T-tube) cholangiogram? -
✔✔1. BUN
2. Creatinine
Why are the contrast media for a T-tube cholangiogram occasionally diluted before injection? -
✔✔Contrast media that are too concentrated may obscure small stones in the biliary ducts
True/False: Bile is sterile, and standard precautions do not apply when handling it. - ✔✔False
Situation: A T-tube cholangiogram image demonstrates the biliary ducts superimposed over the spine.
The patient is in an AP position. Which position would remove the ducts from the spine? - ✔✔RPO
position
Postoperative (T-tube) cholangiograms are generally performed _____. - ✔✔In the radiology
department
Which of the following procedures might be performed during a postoperative (T-tube) cholangiogram?
A. Removal of the gallbladder
B. Removal of a liver cyst
C. Removal of a biliary stone
D. Catheterization of the hepatic portal vein - ✔✔C. Removal of a biliary stone
