Bontrager chpt8 Exam Questions and Answers With Verified Solutions 2025
List the number of bones found in each division in the adult vertebral column:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
Total - ✔✔Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar- 5
Sacrum- 1
Coccyx- 1
Total- 26
List the 2 primary or posterior convex curves seen in the vertebral column. - ✔✔Thoracic
Sacral
Indicate which two portions of the vertebral column are classified as secondary or compensatory curves.
- ✔✔Cervical
Lumbar
An abnormal, or exaggerated, "sway back" lumbar curvature is called - ✔✔Lordosis
An abnormal lateral curvature seen in the thoracolumbar spine is called - ✔✔Scoliosis
The two main parts of a typical vertebra are the ___ and the ____. - ✔✔Body; Vertebral arch
,The ___ are two bony aspects of the vertebral arch that extend posteriorly from each pedicle to join at
the midline. - ✔✔Lamina
The ___ foramina are created by 2 small notches on the superior and inferior aspects of the pedicles -
✔✔Intervertebral
The opening, or passageway, for the spinal cord is the ___. - ✔✔Vertebral Canal
The spinal cord begins with the ___ of the brain and extends down to the ___ vertebra, where it tapers
and ends. This tapered ending is called the ___. - ✔✔Medulla Oblongata;
Lower border of L1;
Conus Medullaris
Which structures pass through the intervertebral foramina? - ✔✔Spinal nerves and blood vessels
Which of the following is found between the superior and inferior articular processes?
a.) Intervertebral joints
b.) Articular joints
c.) Zygapophyseal joints
d.) Intervertebral facets - ✔✔c.) Zygapophyseal joints
True/False
Only T1, T11, and T12 have full facets for articulation with ribs - ✔✔True
True/False
The zygapophyseal joints of all cervical vertebrae are visualized only in a true lateral position - ✔✔False
(Between C1 & C2 visualized on frontal or AP projection)
List the outer and inner aspects of the intertebral disks - ✔✔Outer aspect: Annulus fibrosus
Inner aspect: Nucleus pulposus
, The condition involving a "slipped disk" is correctly referred to as - ✔✔HNP- Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
List the alternative names for the following cervical vertebrae:
C1
C2
C7 - ✔✔C1: atlas
C2: axis
C7: Vertebra prominens
List three features that make the cervical vertebrae unique - ✔✔Transverse formina
Bifid spinous process
Overlapping vertebral bodies
A short column of bone found between the superior and articular processes in a typical cervical vertebra
is called:
What is the term for the same structure, for the C1 vertebra? - ✔✔Articular pillar
Lateral mass
The zygapophyseal joints for the 2nd through 7th cervical vertebrae are at a ___* angle to the
midsagittal plane; the thoracic vertebrae are at a ___* angle to the midsagittal plane. - ✔✔90*; 70-75*
What is the name of the joint found between the superior articular processes of C1 and the occipital
condyles of the skull? - ✔✔Occipitoatlantal articulations
The modified body of C2 is called the ___ or ___. - ✔✔Dens or Odontoid process
A lack of symmetry of the zygapophyseal joints between C1 and C2 may be caused by injury or may be
associated with: - ✔✔Rotation of the skull
List the number of bones found in each division in the adult vertebral column:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
Total - ✔✔Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar- 5
Sacrum- 1
Coccyx- 1
Total- 26
List the 2 primary or posterior convex curves seen in the vertebral column. - ✔✔Thoracic
Sacral
Indicate which two portions of the vertebral column are classified as secondary or compensatory curves.
- ✔✔Cervical
Lumbar
An abnormal, or exaggerated, "sway back" lumbar curvature is called - ✔✔Lordosis
An abnormal lateral curvature seen in the thoracolumbar spine is called - ✔✔Scoliosis
The two main parts of a typical vertebra are the ___ and the ____. - ✔✔Body; Vertebral arch
,The ___ are two bony aspects of the vertebral arch that extend posteriorly from each pedicle to join at
the midline. - ✔✔Lamina
The ___ foramina are created by 2 small notches on the superior and inferior aspects of the pedicles -
✔✔Intervertebral
The opening, or passageway, for the spinal cord is the ___. - ✔✔Vertebral Canal
The spinal cord begins with the ___ of the brain and extends down to the ___ vertebra, where it tapers
and ends. This tapered ending is called the ___. - ✔✔Medulla Oblongata;
Lower border of L1;
Conus Medullaris
Which structures pass through the intervertebral foramina? - ✔✔Spinal nerves and blood vessels
Which of the following is found between the superior and inferior articular processes?
a.) Intervertebral joints
b.) Articular joints
c.) Zygapophyseal joints
d.) Intervertebral facets - ✔✔c.) Zygapophyseal joints
True/False
Only T1, T11, and T12 have full facets for articulation with ribs - ✔✔True
True/False
The zygapophyseal joints of all cervical vertebrae are visualized only in a true lateral position - ✔✔False
(Between C1 & C2 visualized on frontal or AP projection)
List the outer and inner aspects of the intertebral disks - ✔✔Outer aspect: Annulus fibrosus
Inner aspect: Nucleus pulposus
, The condition involving a "slipped disk" is correctly referred to as - ✔✔HNP- Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
List the alternative names for the following cervical vertebrae:
C1
C2
C7 - ✔✔C1: atlas
C2: axis
C7: Vertebra prominens
List three features that make the cervical vertebrae unique - ✔✔Transverse formina
Bifid spinous process
Overlapping vertebral bodies
A short column of bone found between the superior and articular processes in a typical cervical vertebra
is called:
What is the term for the same structure, for the C1 vertebra? - ✔✔Articular pillar
Lateral mass
The zygapophyseal joints for the 2nd through 7th cervical vertebrae are at a ___* angle to the
midsagittal plane; the thoracic vertebrae are at a ___* angle to the midsagittal plane. - ✔✔90*; 70-75*
What is the name of the joint found between the superior articular processes of C1 and the occipital
condyles of the skull? - ✔✔Occipitoatlantal articulations
The modified body of C2 is called the ___ or ___. - ✔✔Dens or Odontoid process
A lack of symmetry of the zygapophyseal joints between C1 and C2 may be caused by injury or may be
associated with: - ✔✔Rotation of the skull
