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Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Extended the Exclusionary Rule to the states, increasing the protections for
defendants
Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
Deadly force may not be used against an unarmed and fleeing suspect unless
necessary to prevent the escape and unless the officer has probable cause to
believe that the
suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious injury to the officers or
others.
Terry v. Ohio (1968)
Police can detain a suspect with reasonable suspicion that they have committed,
are committing, or are about to commit a crime.
Miranda v. Arizona
Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to
consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to
questioning by police. 1966
,Brady v. Maryland
Prosecution must provide all evidence even if it helps the defense.
Criminal Sexual Abuse
act of sexual conduct and use or threat of force. OR act of sexual conduct and
accused knew victim was unable to understand the nature of the act. OR an act
of penetration
and the accused is 16 or younger.
Forcible Felony
Murder, agg sex assault, criminal sex assault, kidnapping, predatory sex assault,
burglary, arson, robbery, treason.
Bio criminology
research into the roles played by genetic and neurophysiological variables in
criminal behavior
Routine Activity Theory
a perspective on adolescence that views unstructured, unsupervised time with
peers as a main cause of misbehavior
Rationale Choice Theory
states that individuals will make decisions that maximize potential benefit and
minimize potential harm
,Classical School of Criminology
A set of criminological theories that uses the idea of free will to explain
criminal behavior.
deterrance theory
philosophy of criminal justice arising from the notion that crime results from a
rational calculation of its costs and benefits
Amendments impacting criminal procedure
4th- unwarranted search and seizure
5th- no need to answer to incriminate yourself, also prohibits double jeopardy.
6th- right to speedy and public trial
8th- No excessive bail and prohibits cruel and unusual punishment 10th-
reserved powers clause
14th- due process
Assault
without lawful authority, engages in conduct which places another in reasonable
apprehension of receiving a battery.
, Battery
knowingly, without legal justification, and by any means causes bodily harm or
makes physical contact of an insulting and provoking nature with an individual.
Rape Shield Laws
laws that protect rape victims, for example, by limiting the introduction of
evidence about their prior sexual behavior
Public Indecency
performs in public place: sexual intercourse; lewd exposure of sexual organs;
lewd caress or indecent fondling; lewd appearance in partial/complete
nudity
theft
obtains or exerts unauthorized control over property OR obtains deception
control over property of the owner OR obtains by threat control over property
robbery
the unlawful taking of property from a person's immediate possession by force or
intimidation
burglary
entering a building unlawfully with intent to commit a felony or to steal
valuable property