WGU D312 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I
EXAM ELABORATION 2025/2026 |
COMPLETE Question and Answers WITH
RATIONALES | 100% VERIFIED
1. Transverse plane - ANSWER Horizontal plane that divides the body into
the top and bottom
2. Coronal plane - ANSWER Vertical plane that divides the body into front
and back sections
3. Sagittal plane - ANSWER Plane that divides the body into left and right
sections
4. Cephalic - ANSWER Toward the head -same as superior for a human
5. Caudal - ANSWER Toward the tail -same as inferior for a human
6. Dorsal - ANSWER Toward the back - same as posterior for a human
7. Ventral - ANSWER Toward the belly -same as anterior for a human
,8. Superior - ANSWER Above or toward the head
9. Inferior - ANSWER Below or toward the feet
10.Distal - ANSWER Farther from the trunk or origin
11.Proximal - ANSWER Closer to the trunk or origin
12.Superficial - ANSWER Toward or on the surface
13.Deep or internal - ANSWER Away from the surface
14.Why are third and fourth-degree burns usually not as painful? -
ANSWER Nerve endings are damaged.
15.What is required for full-thickness burns? - ANSWER Excision,
amputation, or skin grafting.
16.Where is basal cell carcinoma most commonly found? - ANSWER Head,
neck, arms, and back. Basal cell carcinoma: A cancer affecting mitotically
active stem cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis.
17.What are the main causes of basal cell carcinoma? - ANSWER UV rays,
radiation, arsenic, and skin wounds.
,18.Where are squamous cell carcinoma lesions commonly found? -
ANSWER Scalp, ears, and hands. Squamous cell carcinoma: A cancer
affecting keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum.
19.How does melanoma typically develop? - ANSWER From a mole.
Melanoma: A cancer characterized by uncontrolled growth of melanocytes.
20.Why is melanoma considered the most fatal skin cancer? - ANSWER It is
highly metastatic and difficult to detect early.
21.What are the ABCDE signs of melanoma? - ANSWER Asymmetry,
Borders, Color, Diameter, Evolving
22.What are the four main types of bone cells? - ANSWER Osteogenic cells,
osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.
23.What do bone cells help with? - ANSWER Production and maintenance
of the mineral extracellular matrix.
24.What are the two types of osseous tissue in bone? - ANSWER Compact
bone and spongy bone.
25.What percentage of the skeleton is formed by compact bone? -
ANSWER Approximately 80%. The rest is made up of spongy bone.
, 26.What type of connective tissue is linked with bones? -
ANSWER Cartilage
27.What happens to the skeleton during embryological development? -
ANSWER It is initially composed of cartilage, which undergoes
ossification.
28.What is the role of osteoblasts? - ANSWER Forming new bone and
synthesizing collagen matrix and calcium salts.
29.What do osteocytes do? - ANSWER Maintain the mineral concentration
of the matrix via enzyme secretion.
30.Where are osteogenic cells found and what are their function? -
ANSWER In the deep layers of the periosteum and marrow. Develop into
osteoblasts
31.What is the role of osteoclasts? - ANSWER Bone resorption or
breakdown.
32.The denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It can be found under
the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support
and protection. - ANSWER Compact bone
33.__________ or cancellous bone looks like a sponge under the microscope
and contains empty spaces between trabeculae, or arches of bone proper. It is
EXAM ELABORATION 2025/2026 |
COMPLETE Question and Answers WITH
RATIONALES | 100% VERIFIED
1. Transverse plane - ANSWER Horizontal plane that divides the body into
the top and bottom
2. Coronal plane - ANSWER Vertical plane that divides the body into front
and back sections
3. Sagittal plane - ANSWER Plane that divides the body into left and right
sections
4. Cephalic - ANSWER Toward the head -same as superior for a human
5. Caudal - ANSWER Toward the tail -same as inferior for a human
6. Dorsal - ANSWER Toward the back - same as posterior for a human
7. Ventral - ANSWER Toward the belly -same as anterior for a human
,8. Superior - ANSWER Above or toward the head
9. Inferior - ANSWER Below or toward the feet
10.Distal - ANSWER Farther from the trunk or origin
11.Proximal - ANSWER Closer to the trunk or origin
12.Superficial - ANSWER Toward or on the surface
13.Deep or internal - ANSWER Away from the surface
14.Why are third and fourth-degree burns usually not as painful? -
ANSWER Nerve endings are damaged.
15.What is required for full-thickness burns? - ANSWER Excision,
amputation, or skin grafting.
16.Where is basal cell carcinoma most commonly found? - ANSWER Head,
neck, arms, and back. Basal cell carcinoma: A cancer affecting mitotically
active stem cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis.
17.What are the main causes of basal cell carcinoma? - ANSWER UV rays,
radiation, arsenic, and skin wounds.
,18.Where are squamous cell carcinoma lesions commonly found? -
ANSWER Scalp, ears, and hands. Squamous cell carcinoma: A cancer
affecting keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum.
19.How does melanoma typically develop? - ANSWER From a mole.
Melanoma: A cancer characterized by uncontrolled growth of melanocytes.
20.Why is melanoma considered the most fatal skin cancer? - ANSWER It is
highly metastatic and difficult to detect early.
21.What are the ABCDE signs of melanoma? - ANSWER Asymmetry,
Borders, Color, Diameter, Evolving
22.What are the four main types of bone cells? - ANSWER Osteogenic cells,
osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.
23.What do bone cells help with? - ANSWER Production and maintenance
of the mineral extracellular matrix.
24.What are the two types of osseous tissue in bone? - ANSWER Compact
bone and spongy bone.
25.What percentage of the skeleton is formed by compact bone? -
ANSWER Approximately 80%. The rest is made up of spongy bone.
, 26.What type of connective tissue is linked with bones? -
ANSWER Cartilage
27.What happens to the skeleton during embryological development? -
ANSWER It is initially composed of cartilage, which undergoes
ossification.
28.What is the role of osteoblasts? - ANSWER Forming new bone and
synthesizing collagen matrix and calcium salts.
29.What do osteocytes do? - ANSWER Maintain the mineral concentration
of the matrix via enzyme secretion.
30.Where are osteogenic cells found and what are their function? -
ANSWER In the deep layers of the periosteum and marrow. Develop into
osteoblasts
31.What is the role of osteoclasts? - ANSWER Bone resorption or
breakdown.
32.The denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It can be found under
the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support
and protection. - ANSWER Compact bone
33.__________ or cancellous bone looks like a sponge under the microscope
and contains empty spaces between trabeculae, or arches of bone proper. It is
