NU 155 - Exam 2
Thyroid Scan - ✔️✔️-tell pt to avoid iodine before test; takes 6 wks to remove from
body
-used to determine size, shape, & activity of thyroid gland
-to detect hyperactive "hot" spots & Hypoactive "cold" spots
-collect 24 hr urine specimens
-pt must remain still; scan is 20 min
Function tests - ✔️✔️T3 T4, TSH tested & no prep necessary
High metabolism is _____, and low metabolism is _____. - ✔️✔️hot; cold & clammy
Goiter: pathology - ✔️✔️-englarged thyroid gland
-one type is caused by iodine deficiency & another is an increase of TSH from lack of
thyroid hormone production
Goiter: s/s - ✔️✔️-first sign is enlarged front of neck
-pressing against esophagus & causes difficulty swallowing
-can affect trachea & interfere w/ normal breathing
-increased, normal, or decreased hormone production
-physician can order a scan that uses radioactive iodine & determines cancer
goiter: treatment - ✔️✔️-if iodine type of goiter is treated, the growth of gland may be
stopped
-in some cases enlargement disappears
-lack of TSH; a supplemental thyroid med is given
goiter: diagnosis - ✔️✔️-pt HX.
-physical examination
-ultrasound imaging
Thyroid gland - ✔️✔️-major role in regulating body's rate of metabolism, growth &
development
-produces thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine & calcitonin
thyroid gland: health history - ✔️✔️-changes level of: energy, sleep patterns,
personality, mental function & emotional state
-changes in menstrual cycles, sexual function, hydration, bowel elimination patterns &
tolerance to hot/cold
, thyroid gland: physical exams - ✔️✔️-VS
-height & weight
-facial expression & characteristics as well as alertness
-inspect/palpate skin for moisture, temp, texture, hair texture
-examine eyes for expothamlamos
-observe hands for tremor
Thyroid has 3 key players: - ✔️✔️t3, t4( active thyroid hormones), and calcitonin (puts
tons of Ca into bones)
Age related changes in endocrine - ✔️✔️-pituitary becomes smaller
-at 20 metabolism starts to decline
-hormones decrease with older age
-FSH, LH, ADH might increase w/ older age
-BGL rise
hormones that remain unchanged - ✔️✔️-Cortisol
-Insulin
-Thyroid hormones
pituitary gland - ✔️✔️Anterior: TSH, ACTH, GH, FSH, LH, prolactin
Posterior: ADH, oxytocin
Hyperthyroidism: pathology - ✔️✔️-abnormally increased synthesis & secretion of
thyroid hormones
-excessive doses T4 (too much levothyroxine)
-pituitary problem
-graves disease is most common type; it's an autoimmune disorder
hyperthyroidism: s/s - ✔️✔️-tachycardia/tachypnea
-rapid respiration
-always hot
-diarrhea
-weight loss
-agitation
-absent menses
-exothalmos
-increased thirst/urination
Hyperthyroidism: complications - ✔️✔️-cardiomyopathy
-HF
-cardiac related death
Thyroid Scan - ✔️✔️-tell pt to avoid iodine before test; takes 6 wks to remove from
body
-used to determine size, shape, & activity of thyroid gland
-to detect hyperactive "hot" spots & Hypoactive "cold" spots
-collect 24 hr urine specimens
-pt must remain still; scan is 20 min
Function tests - ✔️✔️T3 T4, TSH tested & no prep necessary
High metabolism is _____, and low metabolism is _____. - ✔️✔️hot; cold & clammy
Goiter: pathology - ✔️✔️-englarged thyroid gland
-one type is caused by iodine deficiency & another is an increase of TSH from lack of
thyroid hormone production
Goiter: s/s - ✔️✔️-first sign is enlarged front of neck
-pressing against esophagus & causes difficulty swallowing
-can affect trachea & interfere w/ normal breathing
-increased, normal, or decreased hormone production
-physician can order a scan that uses radioactive iodine & determines cancer
goiter: treatment - ✔️✔️-if iodine type of goiter is treated, the growth of gland may be
stopped
-in some cases enlargement disappears
-lack of TSH; a supplemental thyroid med is given
goiter: diagnosis - ✔️✔️-pt HX.
-physical examination
-ultrasound imaging
Thyroid gland - ✔️✔️-major role in regulating body's rate of metabolism, growth &
development
-produces thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine & calcitonin
thyroid gland: health history - ✔️✔️-changes level of: energy, sleep patterns,
personality, mental function & emotional state
-changes in menstrual cycles, sexual function, hydration, bowel elimination patterns &
tolerance to hot/cold
, thyroid gland: physical exams - ✔️✔️-VS
-height & weight
-facial expression & characteristics as well as alertness
-inspect/palpate skin for moisture, temp, texture, hair texture
-examine eyes for expothamlamos
-observe hands for tremor
Thyroid has 3 key players: - ✔️✔️t3, t4( active thyroid hormones), and calcitonin (puts
tons of Ca into bones)
Age related changes in endocrine - ✔️✔️-pituitary becomes smaller
-at 20 metabolism starts to decline
-hormones decrease with older age
-FSH, LH, ADH might increase w/ older age
-BGL rise
hormones that remain unchanged - ✔️✔️-Cortisol
-Insulin
-Thyroid hormones
pituitary gland - ✔️✔️Anterior: TSH, ACTH, GH, FSH, LH, prolactin
Posterior: ADH, oxytocin
Hyperthyroidism: pathology - ✔️✔️-abnormally increased synthesis & secretion of
thyroid hormones
-excessive doses T4 (too much levothyroxine)
-pituitary problem
-graves disease is most common type; it's an autoimmune disorder
hyperthyroidism: s/s - ✔️✔️-tachycardia/tachypnea
-rapid respiration
-always hot
-diarrhea
-weight loss
-agitation
-absent menses
-exothalmos
-increased thirst/urination
Hyperthyroidism: complications - ✔️✔️-cardiomyopathy
-HF
-cardiac related death
