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Paternalism - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Making decisions for patient (or for
others) because you "believe" that it is for their best interest.
The opinion (or desires) of the patient is minimized or ignored.
Patient is "powerless".
Example: 92-year-old male does not want to be on a ventilator if he
codes. The son agress and quietly tells the NP and physician that he
wants this father to be aggressively treated with life support, if it is
necessary.
Fidelity - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Dedication and loyalty to one's patients.
Keeping one's promise.
Example: A woman with terminal breast cancer does not want the NP
to reveal her poor prognosis to her mother. The patient explains to the
NP that her mother is very anxious and she wants to wait until the
next week before she tells her mother news. If the NP keeps the
prognosis is confidence from teh patient's mother, she is exercising
the concept of fidelity.
,Utilitarianism - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Outcome of the action is what matter
with utilitarianism.
It also means to use a resource for the beneift of most.
It may resemble justice, but it is not the same concept.
Example: WIC program is only for pregnant women and children. It is
not open to adults and elderly males. The reason maybe that it would
cost society more if women (and their fetuses), infants, and children
are harmed by inadequate food intake (affects the brain growth).
Elements of Malpractice Lawsuits - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-1. A duty is owed (a
legal duty exists)
2. The duty was breached (not following standard of care)
3. Breach caused an injury (proximate cause)
4. Damage occured
ICD-10 "V-code" or Modifiers - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Indicate reason for visit.
Scope and Standards of Practice - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Document that
contains "authoritative statements" that are used to evaluate and
measure the nursing "quality of practice, service, or education".
State Board of Nursing - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Responsible for enforcing the
state's nurse practice act.
, Formal governmental agency that has the statutory authority to
regulate nursing practice.
Legal authority to license, monitor, and to discipline nurses.
Authorized to revoke a nurse's license (after formal hearing)
Descriptive Study - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Describes and measures the
characteristics of a group or a phenomenon.
Data are measurable, numerical, and evaluated by statistical testing.
No correlation are measured between variables.
Longitudinal Study - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-A long-term study follows the
same group of subjects (or subpopulation) over many years to
observe and measure teh same variables over time.
Observational study.
IRB - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Protects the rights of the human subjects enrolled
in the study.
Assent - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Refers to minors not emancipated < 18 y/o
can choose to participated in study but parental consent is still