Frontal lobes The frontal lobes are associated with
movement, intelligence, abstract thinking, the
ability to organize, personality, behavior, and
emotional control.
Parietal lobe The middle part of the brain, responsible for
proprioception, is the home of the somatic
senses, helping to identify spatial relationships,
interpret pain and touch, and give meaning to
objects.
Asterogenesis The loss of ability to recognize objects via the
sense of touch, which may be experienced by
patients with post cerebral vascular accidents.
Temporal lobe Located on the side of the brain, involved in
short-term memory, speech, auditory signals,
and smell recognition, and contains the limbic
system, amygdala, and hippocampus.
Wernicke's aphasia A condition that can present as a result of a
dominant temporal lobe lesion, affecting
language comprehension.
,Occipital lobe The back part of the brain that controls visual
processing; damage results in the inability to
form visual memories.
Central sulcus This separates the frontal lobe from the parietal
lobe.
Corpus callosum Controls communication between the two brain
hemispheres and is involved in attention,
impulse control, and emotion regulation.
Hippocampus Located deep in the temporal lobes, involved in
anxiety and memory, and shifting short-term to
long-term memory.
Amygdala Located deep in the temporal lobes, involved in
emotional regulation and perception of odors,
and plays a role in the fear response.
Thalamus An egg-shaped structure involved in sensory
organ and motor command processing,
responsible for processing all external
information except for olfaction.
Basal ganglia A group of structures involved in voluntary motor
movements, cognition, and emotion, with
associated movement disorders including
Parkinson's disease and OCD.
,Striatum A group of structures that includes the caudate,
putamen, and nucleus accumbens.
Dorsal striatum Contains the caudate nucleus and the putamen.
Ventral striatum Contains the nucleus accumbens.
Cortisol A stress hormone released due to the activation
of the autonomic nervous system by the
amygdala during a traumatic event.
HPA axis The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which
is affected by the amygdala's response to
stress.
Sensory systems All sensory systems except for olfaction process
through the thalamus.
Schizophrenia A mental disorder associated with symptoms
related to the thalamus.
, Post-traumatic stress disorder A condition associated with symptoms related to
(PTSD) the thalamus.
Emotional control A function associated with the frontal lobes and
the corpus callosum.
Object identification A function of the temporal lobe, which helps
identify 'what' things are.
Visual processing A function of the occipital lobe, controlling the
ability to form visual memories.
Ventral striatum Contains the nucleus accumbens and is
involved in facilitating voluntary movement.
Dorsal striatum Involved in complex motor actions and linkage
of cognition to motor actions; it is the main input
area for the basal ganglia and is activated when
anticipating or engaging in pleasure.
Nucleus accumbens Involved in the reward circuit and reinforces
addictive behaviors.
movement, intelligence, abstract thinking, the
ability to organize, personality, behavior, and
emotional control.
Parietal lobe The middle part of the brain, responsible for
proprioception, is the home of the somatic
senses, helping to identify spatial relationships,
interpret pain and touch, and give meaning to
objects.
Asterogenesis The loss of ability to recognize objects via the
sense of touch, which may be experienced by
patients with post cerebral vascular accidents.
Temporal lobe Located on the side of the brain, involved in
short-term memory, speech, auditory signals,
and smell recognition, and contains the limbic
system, amygdala, and hippocampus.
Wernicke's aphasia A condition that can present as a result of a
dominant temporal lobe lesion, affecting
language comprehension.
,Occipital lobe The back part of the brain that controls visual
processing; damage results in the inability to
form visual memories.
Central sulcus This separates the frontal lobe from the parietal
lobe.
Corpus callosum Controls communication between the two brain
hemispheres and is involved in attention,
impulse control, and emotion regulation.
Hippocampus Located deep in the temporal lobes, involved in
anxiety and memory, and shifting short-term to
long-term memory.
Amygdala Located deep in the temporal lobes, involved in
emotional regulation and perception of odors,
and plays a role in the fear response.
Thalamus An egg-shaped structure involved in sensory
organ and motor command processing,
responsible for processing all external
information except for olfaction.
Basal ganglia A group of structures involved in voluntary motor
movements, cognition, and emotion, with
associated movement disorders including
Parkinson's disease and OCD.
,Striatum A group of structures that includes the caudate,
putamen, and nucleus accumbens.
Dorsal striatum Contains the caudate nucleus and the putamen.
Ventral striatum Contains the nucleus accumbens.
Cortisol A stress hormone released due to the activation
of the autonomic nervous system by the
amygdala during a traumatic event.
HPA axis The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which
is affected by the amygdala's response to
stress.
Sensory systems All sensory systems except for olfaction process
through the thalamus.
Schizophrenia A mental disorder associated with symptoms
related to the thalamus.
, Post-traumatic stress disorder A condition associated with symptoms related to
(PTSD) the thalamus.
Emotional control A function associated with the frontal lobes and
the corpus callosum.
Object identification A function of the temporal lobe, which helps
identify 'what' things are.
Visual processing A function of the occipital lobe, controlling the
ability to form visual memories.
Ventral striatum Contains the nucleus accumbens and is
involved in facilitating voluntary movement.
Dorsal striatum Involved in complex motor actions and linkage
of cognition to motor actions; it is the main input
area for the basal ganglia and is activated when
anticipating or engaging in pleasure.
Nucleus accumbens Involved in the reward circuit and reinforces
addictive behaviors.
