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Terms in this set (123)
Pharmacologic Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)
Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs)
Miscellaneous antidepressants
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitors
Adjunct: antipsychotics
Pharmacologic Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Second generation antipsychotics
Mood disorders: role of the psychiatric mental health nurse determine the malfunctioning brain circuit responsible for the client's presenting
practitioner (PMHNP) is to: symptoms and select the appropriate medication that targets the associated
neurotransmitter(s)
, Mood disorders manifest across a spectrum from: mania to major depressive disorder (MDD)
Unipolar depression major depressive disorder (MDD)
one of the most common mental disorders
-Approximately 7.1% of adults in the U.S. had episode in last year, prevalence
highest (13.1%) among individuals aged 18-25
S/S
-depressed mood
-loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities
-irritability
-withdrawal
-problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration, or self-worth
-severe depression: may experience thoughts of suicide or psychotic symptoms.
Bipolar disorder (BD) Chronic condition characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood, energy, and ability
to function
-Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include mixed mood or
psychotic features
-many have only experienced only one manic episode in their lifetime
-Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability or may cycle
rapidly
-diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or hypomania with a
history of one or more major depressive episodes
-high risk for suicide
mania characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. Related
symptoms may include inflated self-esteem, increased goal-directed activity or
energy, including grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, excessive talkativeness,
racing thoughts, flight of ideas (FOI), distractibility, psychomotor agitation, and a
propensity to be involved in high-risk activities. Mania leads to significant functional
impairment and may include psychotic features or necessitate hospitalization
Bipolar Type I: requires at least one episode of mania for at least one week (or any duration if
hospitalization due to symptoms is required)
Bipolar Type II: diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic episode and a current or past major
depressive episode. Symptoms last for at least 4 days but fewer than seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to cause significant
functional impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to report these
symptoms, making bipolar more difficult to diagnose if the client presents in the
depression phase.
Cyclothymia: involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do
not meet the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive or manic/hypomanic episode.
If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD: antidepressant therapy may precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-cycling
bipolar depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in children and adults
younger than 25
Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar monotherapy
disorder and never as ________________. -Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to prevent the onset of
a hypomanic or manic episode
DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms Decreased positive affect:
depressed mood
loss of joy
lack of interest
loss of energy
decreased alertness
decreased self-confidence
appetite changes
5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms Increased negative affect:
depressed mood
guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes
neurobiological factors that contribute to mood and mood MDD and BD are heritable disorders
disorders: Genetics -genetic factors 31-42% of the disease risk in MDD and 59-85% in BD
-causes of mood disorders complex, likely involve interactions between
genetic/epigenetic, biological, psychological, and social factors including:
• dysfunctions in brain
• imbalance of neurotransmitters
• life events
• abuse or trauma
• substance use or medication
• menstruation
• season changes
N
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Students
also
studied
Terms in this set (123)
Pharmacologic Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)
Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs)
Miscellaneous antidepressants
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitors
Adjunct: antipsychotics
Pharmacologic Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Second generation antipsychotics
Mood disorders: role of the psychiatric mental health nurse determine the malfunctioning brain circuit responsible for the client's presenting
practitioner (PMHNP) is to: symptoms and select the appropriate medication that targets the associated
neurotransmitter(s)
, Mood disorders manifest across a spectrum from: mania to major depressive disorder (MDD)
Unipolar depression major depressive disorder (MDD)
one of the most common mental disorders
-Approximately 7.1% of adults in the U.S. had episode in last year, prevalence
highest (13.1%) among individuals aged 18-25
S/S
-depressed mood
-loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities
-irritability
-withdrawal
-problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration, or self-worth
-severe depression: may experience thoughts of suicide or psychotic symptoms.
Bipolar disorder (BD) Chronic condition characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood, energy, and ability
to function
-Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include mixed mood or
psychotic features
-many have only experienced only one manic episode in their lifetime
-Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability or may cycle
rapidly
-diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or hypomania with a
history of one or more major depressive episodes
-high risk for suicide
mania characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. Related
symptoms may include inflated self-esteem, increased goal-directed activity or
energy, including grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, excessive talkativeness,
racing thoughts, flight of ideas (FOI), distractibility, psychomotor agitation, and a
propensity to be involved in high-risk activities. Mania leads to significant functional
impairment and may include psychotic features or necessitate hospitalization
Bipolar Type I: requires at least one episode of mania for at least one week (or any duration if
hospitalization due to symptoms is required)
Bipolar Type II: diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic episode and a current or past major
depressive episode. Symptoms last for at least 4 days but fewer than seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to cause significant
functional impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to report these
symptoms, making bipolar more difficult to diagnose if the client presents in the
depression phase.
Cyclothymia: involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do
not meet the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive or manic/hypomanic episode.
If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD: antidepressant therapy may precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-cycling
bipolar depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in children and adults
younger than 25
Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar monotherapy
disorder and never as ________________. -Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to prevent the onset of
a hypomanic or manic episode
DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms Decreased positive affect:
depressed mood
loss of joy
lack of interest
loss of energy
decreased alertness
decreased self-confidence
appetite changes
5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms Increased negative affect:
depressed mood
guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes
neurobiological factors that contribute to mood and mood MDD and BD are heritable disorders
disorders: Genetics -genetic factors 31-42% of the disease risk in MDD and 59-85% in BD
-causes of mood disorders complex, likely involve interactions between
genetic/epigenetic, biological, psychological, and social factors including:
• dysfunctions in brain
• imbalance of neurotransmitters
• life events
• abuse or trauma
• substance use or medication
• menstruation
• season changes
