CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY
DISEASES AND DISORDERS
NURSING EXAM
2026/2027
100 Questions and Correct Answers
ALREADY GRADED A+ | 100% VERIFIED
Adult Health Nursing Examination
Core Domains
Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology | Heart Failure & Myocardial Infarction
Arrhythmias & Conduction Disorders | Hypertension & Peripheral Vascular Disease
Respiratory Anatomy & Physiology | COPD
Asthma & Acute Respiratory Conditions | Oxygen Therapy & Ventilation
Diagnostic Testing & Lab Interpretation | Pharmacologic Management
Patient Education | Evidence-Based Nursing Interventions
Adult Health Nursing-Aligned Format
, Cardiovascular and Respiratory Nursing Exam 2026/2027
Table of Contents
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Domain: Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology ................................................................................................ 3
Domain: Heart Failure & Myocardial Infarction .....................................................................................5
Domain: Arrhythmias & Conduction Disorders ..................................................................................... 8
Domain: Hypertension & Peripheral Vascular Disease ........................................................................10
Domain: Respiratory Anatomy & Physiology ........................................................................................ 13
Domain: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ................................................................. 15
Domain: Asthma & Acute Respiratory Conditions ................................................................................ 17
Domain: Oxygen Therapy & Ventilation ............................................................................................... 20
Domain: Diagnostic Testing & Lab Interpretation ............................................................................... 22
Domain: Pharmacologic Management .................................................................................................. 24
Domain: Patient Education ................................................................................................................... 26
Domain: Evidence-Based Nursing Interventions ................................................................................. 26
Page 2 of 27
, Cardiovascular and Respiratory Nursing Exam 2026/2027
Introduction
This Cardiovascular and Respiratory Nursing Exam document for the 2026/2027 academic cycle
reflects the assessment used in nursing programs to evaluate competency in adult health nursing. The
examination measures understanding of pathophysiology, patient assessment, pharmacologic and
non-pharmacologic management, patient safety, and evidence-based nursing interventions in
cardiovascular and respiratory care.
This comprehensive preparation guide contains 100 multiple-choice questions covering twelve core
domains essential for cardiovascular and respiratory nursing. Each question follows a single-best-
answer format with scenario-based clinical judgment items. Correct answers are highlighted in bold
green followed by detailed rationales explaining clinical priorities, patient safety considerations, and
evidence-based decision-making.
Domain: Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology
Question 1: The nurse is explaining the cardiac conduction system to a nursing student.
Which structure is known as the heart's primary pacemaker?
A. Atrioventricular (AV) node
B. Sinoatrial (SA) node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node, located in the right atrium near the superior vena cava, is the
heart's primary pacemaker. It initiates electrical impulses at a rate of 60-100 beats per minute. The
AV node serves as a backup pacemaker with an intrinsic rate of 40-60 bpm.
Question 2: During the cardiac cycle, which phase follows immediately after the QRS
complex on an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
A. Atrial systole
B. Ventricular depolarization
C. Ventricular systole
D. Ventricular diastole
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization, which triggers ventricular
systole (contraction). After depolarization, the ventricles contract, ejecting blood into the pulmonary
artery and aorta. The T wave follows, representing ventricular repolarization and the beginning of
diastole.
Question 3: The nurse is assessing a patient's cardiac output. Which formula is used to
calculate cardiac output?
A. Heart rate × Stroke volume
B. Blood pressure × Heart rate
C. Stroke volume × Blood pressure
D. Heart rate × Peripheral resistance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cardiac output (CO) is calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume (CO = HR ×
SV). Normal cardiac output is 4-8 L/min in adults. Cardiac output reflects the heart's ability to meet
the body's metabolic demands and is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Question 4: The coronary arteries fill primarily during which phase of the cardiac
cycle?
A. Atrial systole
Page 3 of 27
DISEASES AND DISORDERS
NURSING EXAM
2026/2027
100 Questions and Correct Answers
ALREADY GRADED A+ | 100% VERIFIED
Adult Health Nursing Examination
Core Domains
Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology | Heart Failure & Myocardial Infarction
Arrhythmias & Conduction Disorders | Hypertension & Peripheral Vascular Disease
Respiratory Anatomy & Physiology | COPD
Asthma & Acute Respiratory Conditions | Oxygen Therapy & Ventilation
Diagnostic Testing & Lab Interpretation | Pharmacologic Management
Patient Education | Evidence-Based Nursing Interventions
Adult Health Nursing-Aligned Format
, Cardiovascular and Respiratory Nursing Exam 2026/2027
Table of Contents
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Domain: Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology ................................................................................................ 3
Domain: Heart Failure & Myocardial Infarction .....................................................................................5
Domain: Arrhythmias & Conduction Disorders ..................................................................................... 8
Domain: Hypertension & Peripheral Vascular Disease ........................................................................10
Domain: Respiratory Anatomy & Physiology ........................................................................................ 13
Domain: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ................................................................. 15
Domain: Asthma & Acute Respiratory Conditions ................................................................................ 17
Domain: Oxygen Therapy & Ventilation ............................................................................................... 20
Domain: Diagnostic Testing & Lab Interpretation ............................................................................... 22
Domain: Pharmacologic Management .................................................................................................. 24
Domain: Patient Education ................................................................................................................... 26
Domain: Evidence-Based Nursing Interventions ................................................................................. 26
Page 2 of 27
, Cardiovascular and Respiratory Nursing Exam 2026/2027
Introduction
This Cardiovascular and Respiratory Nursing Exam document for the 2026/2027 academic cycle
reflects the assessment used in nursing programs to evaluate competency in adult health nursing. The
examination measures understanding of pathophysiology, patient assessment, pharmacologic and
non-pharmacologic management, patient safety, and evidence-based nursing interventions in
cardiovascular and respiratory care.
This comprehensive preparation guide contains 100 multiple-choice questions covering twelve core
domains essential for cardiovascular and respiratory nursing. Each question follows a single-best-
answer format with scenario-based clinical judgment items. Correct answers are highlighted in bold
green followed by detailed rationales explaining clinical priorities, patient safety considerations, and
evidence-based decision-making.
Domain: Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology
Question 1: The nurse is explaining the cardiac conduction system to a nursing student.
Which structure is known as the heart's primary pacemaker?
A. Atrioventricular (AV) node
B. Sinoatrial (SA) node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node, located in the right atrium near the superior vena cava, is the
heart's primary pacemaker. It initiates electrical impulses at a rate of 60-100 beats per minute. The
AV node serves as a backup pacemaker with an intrinsic rate of 40-60 bpm.
Question 2: During the cardiac cycle, which phase follows immediately after the QRS
complex on an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
A. Atrial systole
B. Ventricular depolarization
C. Ventricular systole
D. Ventricular diastole
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization, which triggers ventricular
systole (contraction). After depolarization, the ventricles contract, ejecting blood into the pulmonary
artery and aorta. The T wave follows, representing ventricular repolarization and the beginning of
diastole.
Question 3: The nurse is assessing a patient's cardiac output. Which formula is used to
calculate cardiac output?
A. Heart rate × Stroke volume
B. Blood pressure × Heart rate
C. Stroke volume × Blood pressure
D. Heart rate × Peripheral resistance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cardiac output (CO) is calculated as heart rate multiplied by stroke volume (CO = HR ×
SV). Normal cardiac output is 4-8 L/min in adults. Cardiac output reflects the heart's ability to meet
the body's metabolic demands and is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Question 4: The coronary arteries fill primarily during which phase of the cardiac
cycle?
A. Atrial systole
Page 3 of 27
