ECMO
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ifhyoa
Transport is a complicated procedure when patients are
on ECMO. Challenges are associated with: 1) intra-hos-
What are the 3 types of transport for a patient on ECMO?
pital transport, 2) inter-hospital transport, and 3) flight
transport
The velocity at which the liquid moves in proportion to the
Definition of shear rate
separation of the plates. Also known as velocity gradient.
A force applied to an area of liquid confined between 2
Definition of shear stress
plates, sufficient to set a liquid in motion
shear stress = velocity x shear rate
What is the shear stress equation?
Shear stress is proportional to the shear rate, and the
coefficient of proportionality is the fluid viscosity.
The resistance to blood flow produced by any membrane
oxygenator. Each manufacturer provides pressure drop
Definition of pressure drop
specifications for their membranes. If it is exceeded, the
membrane material may rupture during the procedure.
Definition of long term support FDA defines it as the device being in use >6 hours
The destruction of red blood cells, caused by the disrup-
Definition of hemolysis tion of the cell membrane and resulting in the release of
hemoglobin
A procedure in which blood is taken from a patient's
circulation to have a process applied to it before it is
returned to circulation. All of the apparatus carrying the
Definition of ECC (Extracorporeal Circulation) blood outside of the body is termed the extracorporeal
circuit. Techniques include: Aphaeresis, auto transfusion,
hemodialysis, hemofiltration, plasmapheresis, ECMO, and
CPB
What is an anticoagulant?
1/9
, ECMO
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A substance that prevents blood from clotting by sup-
pressing the synthesis or function of various clotting fac-
tors. Anticoagulants are given to prevent thrombus and
are used in drawing, storing, and pumping blood. There
are 2 main types of anticoagulants: Heparin and vitamin K
antagonists (i.e. Warfarin). Heparin is always the drug of
choice for the ECMO circuit
Conventional ventricular support vs. Extracorporeal mem-
What is CESAR?
brane oxygenation for severe adult respiratory failure
When was the CESAR study published? 2009
Deoxygenated blood is drained from one or more major
veins and oxygenated blood is returned to the right atri-
Define VV ECMO (Veno-veno) um. This supports respiratory function only, and requires
the native heart to be able to function to deliver oxygenat-
ed blood to the tissues
Deoxygenated blood is drained from one or more major
veins and oxygenated blood is pumped back into a major
Define AV ECMO (veno-arterial)
artery, thus providing tissue perfusion in the absence of
native heart function
What is ELSO? Extracorpoeal Life Support Organization
When and where was ELSO founded? 1989 in Ann Arbor, Michigan
What does ARDS stand for? acute respiratory distress syndrome
Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal: selective carbon
What is ECCO2R?
dioxide removal
The more modern term for ECMO. Extracorporeal Life
Support that encompasses all extracorporeal technologies
What is ECLS? and life support components including oxygenation, car-
bon dioxide removal, and hemodynamic support. Renal
an liver support may also be included.
2/9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ifhyoa
Transport is a complicated procedure when patients are
on ECMO. Challenges are associated with: 1) intra-hos-
What are the 3 types of transport for a patient on ECMO?
pital transport, 2) inter-hospital transport, and 3) flight
transport
The velocity at which the liquid moves in proportion to the
Definition of shear rate
separation of the plates. Also known as velocity gradient.
A force applied to an area of liquid confined between 2
Definition of shear stress
plates, sufficient to set a liquid in motion
shear stress = velocity x shear rate
What is the shear stress equation?
Shear stress is proportional to the shear rate, and the
coefficient of proportionality is the fluid viscosity.
The resistance to blood flow produced by any membrane
oxygenator. Each manufacturer provides pressure drop
Definition of pressure drop
specifications for their membranes. If it is exceeded, the
membrane material may rupture during the procedure.
Definition of long term support FDA defines it as the device being in use >6 hours
The destruction of red blood cells, caused by the disrup-
Definition of hemolysis tion of the cell membrane and resulting in the release of
hemoglobin
A procedure in which blood is taken from a patient's
circulation to have a process applied to it before it is
returned to circulation. All of the apparatus carrying the
Definition of ECC (Extracorporeal Circulation) blood outside of the body is termed the extracorporeal
circuit. Techniques include: Aphaeresis, auto transfusion,
hemodialysis, hemofiltration, plasmapheresis, ECMO, and
CPB
What is an anticoagulant?
1/9
, ECMO
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ifhyoa
A substance that prevents blood from clotting by sup-
pressing the synthesis or function of various clotting fac-
tors. Anticoagulants are given to prevent thrombus and
are used in drawing, storing, and pumping blood. There
are 2 main types of anticoagulants: Heparin and vitamin K
antagonists (i.e. Warfarin). Heparin is always the drug of
choice for the ECMO circuit
Conventional ventricular support vs. Extracorporeal mem-
What is CESAR?
brane oxygenation for severe adult respiratory failure
When was the CESAR study published? 2009
Deoxygenated blood is drained from one or more major
veins and oxygenated blood is returned to the right atri-
Define VV ECMO (Veno-veno) um. This supports respiratory function only, and requires
the native heart to be able to function to deliver oxygenat-
ed blood to the tissues
Deoxygenated blood is drained from one or more major
veins and oxygenated blood is pumped back into a major
Define AV ECMO (veno-arterial)
artery, thus providing tissue perfusion in the absence of
native heart function
What is ELSO? Extracorpoeal Life Support Organization
When and where was ELSO founded? 1989 in Ann Arbor, Michigan
What does ARDS stand for? acute respiratory distress syndrome
Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal: selective carbon
What is ECCO2R?
dioxide removal
The more modern term for ECMO. Extracorporeal Life
Support that encompasses all extracorporeal technologies
What is ECLS? and life support components including oxygenation, car-
bon dioxide removal, and hemodynamic support. Renal
an liver support may also be included.
2/9
