Computer Networking CH 5 and OSI Model Examination: In-Depth Analysis of the OSI Model's Five Layers, Packet Routing Techniques, Router Input and Output Management, Source-to-Destination Path Determination, Network Layer Protocols, Data Flow Optimi

Computer Networking CH 5 and OSI Model Examination: In-Depth
Analysis of the OSI Model's Five Layers, Packet Routing Techniques,
Router Input and Output Management, Source-to-Destination Path
Determination, Network Layer Protocols, Data Flow Optimization, IP
Addressing Schemes, Transport Layer Protocols, Session Management,
Presentation Layer Functions, Application Layer Services, Network
Topologies, Routing Algorithms, Switching Techniques, Protocol Stack
Integration, Data Link Layer Protocols, Physical Layer Specifications,
Error Detection and Correction, Network Security Protocols, and
Advanced Networking Architectures Exam Questions Verified and
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5 - Layers of Networking (OSI Model)

5. Application

4. Transport

3. Network

2. Link

1. Physical




Application Layer Communication Data Unit

Message

,Data Link Layer Communication Data Unit

Bits




Network Layer Communication Data Unit

Packets




Transport Layer Communication Data Unit

Segments




Application Layer Protocol(s)

HTTP




Link Layer Protocol(s)

Ethernet




Network Layer Protocol(s)

IP, ARP, ICMP




Transport Layer Protocol(s)

TCP/UDP

, Functions of the Network Layer:

1. Forwarding: moving packets from router's input to appropriate router output

2. Routing: determining the route taken by packets from source to destination




Two Approaches to Structuring Network Control Plane:

1. Per-router control

2. Logically centralized control




Per-router control plane

Individual routing algorithm components in each and every router interact in the control plane.




Software-Defined Networking(SDN) Control Plane

Remote controller computes, installs forwarding tables in routers




Routing Protocol Goal:

determining "good" paths from sending hosts to receiving hosts through a network of routers.




Path:

sequence of router's packets traverse from given initial source hots to destination host.