NSG 122 – FUNDAMENTAL NURSING CONCEPTS
HESI FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES GRADED A+ LATEST
HERZING UNIVERSITY
1. A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with tuberculosis. Which isolation
precaution should the nurse implement?
A. Contact
B. Droplet
C. Airborne
D. Standard
Answer: C. Airborne
Rationale: Tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne particles. Airborne precautions
include a negative-pressure room and N95 mask. Droplet and contact precautions
do not prevent airborne transmission.
2. Which stage of wound healing is characterized by clot formation and the
initial inflammatory response?
A. Hemostasis
B. Proliferation
C. Maturation
D. Remodeling
Answer: A. Hemostasis
Rationale: Hemostasis occurs immediately after injury, stopping bleeding via clot
formation and initiating inflammation. Proliferation follows with tissue
regeneration.
,3. A patient has a serum pH of 7.30. How should the nurse interpret this
result?
A. Normal
B. Alkalosis
C. Acidosis
D. Critical
Answer: C. Acidosis
Rationale: Normal blood pH is 7.35–7.45. A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis.
4. The nurse is preparing a sterile field. Which action is correct?
A. Allow the sterile field to touch the nurse’s gown.
B. Keep the edges of the sterile drape within the sterile field.
C. Avoid reaching over the sterile field.
D. Place sterile supplies 2 inches from the edge.
Answer: C. Avoid reaching over the sterile field.
Rationale: Reaching over a sterile field risks contamination. The 1-inch border of
the drape is considered non-sterile.
5. During Erikson’s stage of Integrity vs. Despair, an older adult reflects on
life. Which nursing action supports this stage?
A. Encourage life review and reminiscence
B. Focus on mobility exercises
C. Monitor fluid intake
D. Teach infection prevention
Answer: A. Encourage life review and reminiscence
Rationale: Integrity vs. Despair occurs in older adults. Supporting reflection on
life promotes integrity.
,6. A patient has diarrhea after antibiotic therapy. Which infection control
precaution is most appropriate?
A. Standard
B. Contact
C. Droplet
D. Airborne
Answer: B. Contact
Rationale: C. difficile is spread via contact. Gloves and gown are essential to
prevent transmission.
7. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to prevent fluid overload in
a patient receiving IV therapy?
A. Monitor intake and output
B. Encourage high-sodium diet
C. Limit vital signs monitoring
D. Administer IV fluids rapidly
Answer: A. Monitor intake and output
Rationale: Monitoring intake and output helps detect fluid overload early. Rapid
IV infusion increases risk.
8. Which is an example of medical asepsis?
A. Donning sterile gloves for surgery
B. Performing hand hygiene before patient care
C. Preparing a sterile field for catheter insertion
D. Using an N95 respirator
Answer: B. Performing hand hygiene before patient care
Rationale: Medical asepsis reduces microorganisms via hygiene practices, not
sterile technique.
, 9. A patient reports difficulty voiding after surgery. Which factor is most
likely contributing?
A. High-fiber diet
B. Surgical anesthesia
C. Regular ambulation
D. Adequate hydration
Answer: B. Surgical anesthesia
Rationale: Anesthesia can impair bladder contraction, causing urinary retention.
10. A patient develops a stage II pressure ulcer. Which nursing intervention is
appropriate?
A. Apply dry gauze only
B. Use transparent dressing and reposition
C. Massage over the ulcer
D. Avoid cleaning the area
Answer: B. Use transparent dressing and reposition
Rationale: Stage II ulcers involve partial-thickness skin loss. Dressings maintain
moisture, and repositioning prevents further pressure.
11. The nurse notes a patient’s potassium level is 5.8 mEq/L. Which is the
priority intervention?
A. Administer potassium supplement
B. Encourage oral intake of bananas
C. Monitor cardiac rhythm
D. Increase IV fluids with potassium
Answer: C. Monitor cardiac rhythm
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. Cardiac
monitoring is a priority.
HESI FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES GRADED A+ LATEST
HERZING UNIVERSITY
1. A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with tuberculosis. Which isolation
precaution should the nurse implement?
A. Contact
B. Droplet
C. Airborne
D. Standard
Answer: C. Airborne
Rationale: Tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne particles. Airborne precautions
include a negative-pressure room and N95 mask. Droplet and contact precautions
do not prevent airborne transmission.
2. Which stage of wound healing is characterized by clot formation and the
initial inflammatory response?
A. Hemostasis
B. Proliferation
C. Maturation
D. Remodeling
Answer: A. Hemostasis
Rationale: Hemostasis occurs immediately after injury, stopping bleeding via clot
formation and initiating inflammation. Proliferation follows with tissue
regeneration.
,3. A patient has a serum pH of 7.30. How should the nurse interpret this
result?
A. Normal
B. Alkalosis
C. Acidosis
D. Critical
Answer: C. Acidosis
Rationale: Normal blood pH is 7.35–7.45. A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis.
4. The nurse is preparing a sterile field. Which action is correct?
A. Allow the sterile field to touch the nurse’s gown.
B. Keep the edges of the sterile drape within the sterile field.
C. Avoid reaching over the sterile field.
D. Place sterile supplies 2 inches from the edge.
Answer: C. Avoid reaching over the sterile field.
Rationale: Reaching over a sterile field risks contamination. The 1-inch border of
the drape is considered non-sterile.
5. During Erikson’s stage of Integrity vs. Despair, an older adult reflects on
life. Which nursing action supports this stage?
A. Encourage life review and reminiscence
B. Focus on mobility exercises
C. Monitor fluid intake
D. Teach infection prevention
Answer: A. Encourage life review and reminiscence
Rationale: Integrity vs. Despair occurs in older adults. Supporting reflection on
life promotes integrity.
,6. A patient has diarrhea after antibiotic therapy. Which infection control
precaution is most appropriate?
A. Standard
B. Contact
C. Droplet
D. Airborne
Answer: B. Contact
Rationale: C. difficile is spread via contact. Gloves and gown are essential to
prevent transmission.
7. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to prevent fluid overload in
a patient receiving IV therapy?
A. Monitor intake and output
B. Encourage high-sodium diet
C. Limit vital signs monitoring
D. Administer IV fluids rapidly
Answer: A. Monitor intake and output
Rationale: Monitoring intake and output helps detect fluid overload early. Rapid
IV infusion increases risk.
8. Which is an example of medical asepsis?
A. Donning sterile gloves for surgery
B. Performing hand hygiene before patient care
C. Preparing a sterile field for catheter insertion
D. Using an N95 respirator
Answer: B. Performing hand hygiene before patient care
Rationale: Medical asepsis reduces microorganisms via hygiene practices, not
sterile technique.
, 9. A patient reports difficulty voiding after surgery. Which factor is most
likely contributing?
A. High-fiber diet
B. Surgical anesthesia
C. Regular ambulation
D. Adequate hydration
Answer: B. Surgical anesthesia
Rationale: Anesthesia can impair bladder contraction, causing urinary retention.
10. A patient develops a stage II pressure ulcer. Which nursing intervention is
appropriate?
A. Apply dry gauze only
B. Use transparent dressing and reposition
C. Massage over the ulcer
D. Avoid cleaning the area
Answer: B. Use transparent dressing and reposition
Rationale: Stage II ulcers involve partial-thickness skin loss. Dressings maintain
moisture, and repositioning prevents further pressure.
11. The nurse notes a patient’s potassium level is 5.8 mEq/L. Which is the
priority intervention?
A. Administer potassium supplement
B. Encourage oral intake of bananas
C. Monitor cardiac rhythm
D. Increase IV fluids with potassium
Answer: C. Monitor cardiac rhythm
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. Cardiac
monitoring is a priority.
