BIOMG 1350 - prelim 3 questions with
answers
animal development
getting from a single cell organism to a multicellular organism that
has all of the different cell types organized into tissues and organs
Fertilization
The process in which the sperm and egg unite their genomes. Each
one has a haploid and so they combine to form a diploid.
Oocyte
Egg cell. Embryonic development relies on materials that are already
deposited in the egg called "maternal components." The early stages
of embryonic development are almost entirely driven and controlled
by these maternal components
Sperm
Haploid, male sex cell.
,Zygote
diploid single cell formed by a sperm and an oocyte
Cleavage
The second stage of development. It is characterized by rapid cell
division without any cell growth. The cleavage cycle lacks the G1 and
G2 phases (when new protein synthesis occurs). Therefore, the cells
don't grow during cleavage, they just divide.
Blastula
The end result of cleavage: an embryo with lots of small cells called
blastomeres.
Germ layers
layers of blastomeres within the blastula. In the center, there is a
fluid-filled cavity that allows the cells to move and rearrange
themselves
, Gastrulation
The process after cleavage that organizes the germ cells into three
distinct germ layers
Ectoderm
The outermost germ layer; nervous system and skin
Mesoderm
middle germ layer; heart, kidneys, bones, etc.
Endoderm
innermost germ layer; digestive system
Morphogenesis
the development of the form of an organism and its structures.
Consists of the Gastrulation, neurulation, and organogenesis phases.
answers
animal development
getting from a single cell organism to a multicellular organism that
has all of the different cell types organized into tissues and organs
Fertilization
The process in which the sperm and egg unite their genomes. Each
one has a haploid and so they combine to form a diploid.
Oocyte
Egg cell. Embryonic development relies on materials that are already
deposited in the egg called "maternal components." The early stages
of embryonic development are almost entirely driven and controlled
by these maternal components
Sperm
Haploid, male sex cell.
,Zygote
diploid single cell formed by a sperm and an oocyte
Cleavage
The second stage of development. It is characterized by rapid cell
division without any cell growth. The cleavage cycle lacks the G1 and
G2 phases (when new protein synthesis occurs). Therefore, the cells
don't grow during cleavage, they just divide.
Blastula
The end result of cleavage: an embryo with lots of small cells called
blastomeres.
Germ layers
layers of blastomeres within the blastula. In the center, there is a
fluid-filled cavity that allows the cells to move and rearrange
themselves
, Gastrulation
The process after cleavage that organizes the germ cells into three
distinct germ layers
Ectoderm
The outermost germ layer; nervous system and skin
Mesoderm
middle germ layer; heart, kidneys, bones, etc.
Endoderm
innermost germ layer; digestive system
Morphogenesis
the development of the form of an organism and its structures.
Consists of the Gastrulation, neurulation, and organogenesis phases.
