Final MN 650 Specialized
Pharmacology for the AGACNP |
NEWEST EXAM 2026-2027
Common infections in the Geriatrics -ANSWER MRSA- (uncommon from animals)
Assess body systems function level prior to prescribing ABX therapy -ANSWER (i.e. renal
function).
Antifungals metabolize through the -ANSWER Liver
▪An antibiogram is: -ANSWER overall profile of antimicrobial susceptibility testing results
of a specific microorganism to a battery of antimicrobial drugs
Cultures and sensitivity tell you -ANSWER Tells you:
-Identifies bacteria/fungus present
-Sensitivity results based on data
Cultures and sensitivity DONT tell you: -ANSWER -Infection vs. colonization vs.
contamination
-You would not treat colonization or contamination
-Which ABX to use.
MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) -ANSWER min. concentration of an ABX needed
to inhibit proliferation & is important for definitive TX.
Cultures and sensitivity reports start with: -ANSWER Start w/ beta-lactam if possible,
especially in severe infections (best data supporting their use)
-Exception: atypical infections
▪You are reviewing a report on a urine culture of a 55 year old female with
pyelonephritis. A culture was done which has revealed growth of Ecoli Susceptibility
testing show minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) score of 1 for Ciprofloxacin 2 for
Levafloxacin 4 for Ceftriaxone and 16 for Nitrofurantoin. Considering the MIC score the
most appropriate antibiotic to prescribe would be ciprofloxacin. -ANSWER Chose lower
MIC score
Fluroquinolones (ex: ciprofloxacin) are most associated with causing: -ANSWER
pseudomembranous colitis.
S/S of pseudomembranous colitis -ANSWER recent ABX use followed by diarrhea with
possible blood
,To prevent further development of ABX resistance, it is recommended that
fluoroquinolones be reserved for treatment of: -ANSWER CAP with comorbidities.
If your patient is allergic to sulfonamides, they most likely will have a cross-sensitivity to:
-ANSWER loop diuretics, sulfonylureas, & thiazide diuretics.
If you patient cannot reliably take PO ABX, ___ or ___ would be an appropriate
treatment option. -ANSWER IM or IV
Prebiotics are recommended to be co-administered with: -ANSWER ABX
Rx half-life is longer in: -ANSWER older adults (watch for atypical reactions)
Monitor liver enzymes when on __ tx. -ANSWER long term antifungal tx
Patients taking isoniazid for TB may experience peripheral neuropathy. To prevent,
prescribe: -ANSWER pyridoxine (vit B6).
Because microbiological results do not become available for 24 to 72 hours, initial
therapy for infection is often _____ and guided by the clinical presentation. -ANSWER
empiric
empiric is broad-spectrum & treats: ____
Once C&S is received, a more narrowed focused ABX can be prescribed. -ANSWER
gram-positive and gram-negative, diverse fungi, or parasites
How soon should newly diagnosed HIV patients should start antiviral treatment? -
ANSWER as soon as the positive diagnosis is given
Initiation of ARV can prevent complications of AIDS-related diseases, such as: -ANSWER
PCP pneumonia. (pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia)
When a Herpes Simplex 2 Dx is suspected ___ is the Rx of choice. -ANSWER Acyclovir
You are evaluating a patient in the ER who is complaining of pain to his right leg that
developed yesterday. The pain has become increasingly worse in the last few hours to
the point that the patient's wife called EMS to the house to transport him to your ER. His
wife tells you he has not been acting right over the last few hours and seems "out of it.".
You, the AGACNP suspect an infection and order labs/cx/start abx. While initiating
therapy the patient becomes hypotensive and is given a fluid bolus. You preform an in-
depth exam on this patient and notice crepitus on the patient's right thigh. You admitted
him to your ICU and write orders to initiate broad spectrum antibiotics for this patient.
The best antimicrobial combination to begin on this patient is _______ -ANSWER
Doribax (for nec fasc)
, Twenty-year-old Annie comes to the clinic complaining of copious yellow-green eye
discharge. Gram stain indicates she most likely has gonococcal conjunctivitis. While
awaiting the culture results, the plan of care should be: -ANSWER IM ceftriaxone
Although MRSA is uncommon in animal bites, ABX Tx is needing in cat bites due to
their oral flora. Initial cat bite treatment would be: -ANSWER A thorough cleansing and
debridement, Xray, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid/7-day regimine.
Pharmacokinetics is: -ANSWER The branch of pharmacology concerned with the
movement of drugs within the body.
UTI in the geriatric population most commonly caused by: -ANSWER E. coli most
common cause (80-86%)
UTI in the geriatric population complicated by: -ANSWER male gender,
immunodeficiency, and comorbidities
Tx UTI in the geriatric population with: -ANSWER -Bactrim DS
-Macrobid
-Cipro if allergic to PCN and sulfonamides
For UTI in the geriatric population, rule out: -ANSWER R/O Sepsis, meningitis, stroke,
hypoglycemia...
UTI may lead to urosepsis. Caution with aminoglycosides (ex: gentamicinin) in ______
patients. -ANSWER acute renal failure (aminoglycosides can cause AKI)
BPH incident increases with age: -ANSWER - 60yo 50%
- 80yo 88%
Some medications mimic symptoms of BPH: -ANSWER UTI, over-hydration, caffeine,
diuretics
For UTI in older males order: -ANSWER Order urinalysis, PSA, renal studies (could be
prostate or renal obstruction)
Dehydration can cause: -ANSWER Tachycardia, thirst, hyper-lab values
Over-hydration can cause: -ANSWER Crackles, elevated BP, dilute/low lab values
loop diuretics are associated with low __ & __ electrolyte levels -ANSWER low Na+/low
K+
Diuril (Thiazide diuretic) is a __ & __ blocker. -ANSWER Na+ & Cl-
If using diuretics, know ___ level to see how well diuretic may work. -ANSWER BUN
Pharmacology for the AGACNP |
NEWEST EXAM 2026-2027
Common infections in the Geriatrics -ANSWER MRSA- (uncommon from animals)
Assess body systems function level prior to prescribing ABX therapy -ANSWER (i.e. renal
function).
Antifungals metabolize through the -ANSWER Liver
▪An antibiogram is: -ANSWER overall profile of antimicrobial susceptibility testing results
of a specific microorganism to a battery of antimicrobial drugs
Cultures and sensitivity tell you -ANSWER Tells you:
-Identifies bacteria/fungus present
-Sensitivity results based on data
Cultures and sensitivity DONT tell you: -ANSWER -Infection vs. colonization vs.
contamination
-You would not treat colonization or contamination
-Which ABX to use.
MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) -ANSWER min. concentration of an ABX needed
to inhibit proliferation & is important for definitive TX.
Cultures and sensitivity reports start with: -ANSWER Start w/ beta-lactam if possible,
especially in severe infections (best data supporting their use)
-Exception: atypical infections
▪You are reviewing a report on a urine culture of a 55 year old female with
pyelonephritis. A culture was done which has revealed growth of Ecoli Susceptibility
testing show minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) score of 1 for Ciprofloxacin 2 for
Levafloxacin 4 for Ceftriaxone and 16 for Nitrofurantoin. Considering the MIC score the
most appropriate antibiotic to prescribe would be ciprofloxacin. -ANSWER Chose lower
MIC score
Fluroquinolones (ex: ciprofloxacin) are most associated with causing: -ANSWER
pseudomembranous colitis.
S/S of pseudomembranous colitis -ANSWER recent ABX use followed by diarrhea with
possible blood
,To prevent further development of ABX resistance, it is recommended that
fluoroquinolones be reserved for treatment of: -ANSWER CAP with comorbidities.
If your patient is allergic to sulfonamides, they most likely will have a cross-sensitivity to:
-ANSWER loop diuretics, sulfonylureas, & thiazide diuretics.
If you patient cannot reliably take PO ABX, ___ or ___ would be an appropriate
treatment option. -ANSWER IM or IV
Prebiotics are recommended to be co-administered with: -ANSWER ABX
Rx half-life is longer in: -ANSWER older adults (watch for atypical reactions)
Monitor liver enzymes when on __ tx. -ANSWER long term antifungal tx
Patients taking isoniazid for TB may experience peripheral neuropathy. To prevent,
prescribe: -ANSWER pyridoxine (vit B6).
Because microbiological results do not become available for 24 to 72 hours, initial
therapy for infection is often _____ and guided by the clinical presentation. -ANSWER
empiric
empiric is broad-spectrum & treats: ____
Once C&S is received, a more narrowed focused ABX can be prescribed. -ANSWER
gram-positive and gram-negative, diverse fungi, or parasites
How soon should newly diagnosed HIV patients should start antiviral treatment? -
ANSWER as soon as the positive diagnosis is given
Initiation of ARV can prevent complications of AIDS-related diseases, such as: -ANSWER
PCP pneumonia. (pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia)
When a Herpes Simplex 2 Dx is suspected ___ is the Rx of choice. -ANSWER Acyclovir
You are evaluating a patient in the ER who is complaining of pain to his right leg that
developed yesterday. The pain has become increasingly worse in the last few hours to
the point that the patient's wife called EMS to the house to transport him to your ER. His
wife tells you he has not been acting right over the last few hours and seems "out of it.".
You, the AGACNP suspect an infection and order labs/cx/start abx. While initiating
therapy the patient becomes hypotensive and is given a fluid bolus. You preform an in-
depth exam on this patient and notice crepitus on the patient's right thigh. You admitted
him to your ICU and write orders to initiate broad spectrum antibiotics for this patient.
The best antimicrobial combination to begin on this patient is _______ -ANSWER
Doribax (for nec fasc)
, Twenty-year-old Annie comes to the clinic complaining of copious yellow-green eye
discharge. Gram stain indicates she most likely has gonococcal conjunctivitis. While
awaiting the culture results, the plan of care should be: -ANSWER IM ceftriaxone
Although MRSA is uncommon in animal bites, ABX Tx is needing in cat bites due to
their oral flora. Initial cat bite treatment would be: -ANSWER A thorough cleansing and
debridement, Xray, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid/7-day regimine.
Pharmacokinetics is: -ANSWER The branch of pharmacology concerned with the
movement of drugs within the body.
UTI in the geriatric population most commonly caused by: -ANSWER E. coli most
common cause (80-86%)
UTI in the geriatric population complicated by: -ANSWER male gender,
immunodeficiency, and comorbidities
Tx UTI in the geriatric population with: -ANSWER -Bactrim DS
-Macrobid
-Cipro if allergic to PCN and sulfonamides
For UTI in the geriatric population, rule out: -ANSWER R/O Sepsis, meningitis, stroke,
hypoglycemia...
UTI may lead to urosepsis. Caution with aminoglycosides (ex: gentamicinin) in ______
patients. -ANSWER acute renal failure (aminoglycosides can cause AKI)
BPH incident increases with age: -ANSWER - 60yo 50%
- 80yo 88%
Some medications mimic symptoms of BPH: -ANSWER UTI, over-hydration, caffeine,
diuretics
For UTI in older males order: -ANSWER Order urinalysis, PSA, renal studies (could be
prostate or renal obstruction)
Dehydration can cause: -ANSWER Tachycardia, thirst, hyper-lab values
Over-hydration can cause: -ANSWER Crackles, elevated BP, dilute/low lab values
loop diuretics are associated with low __ & __ electrolyte levels -ANSWER low Na+/low
K+
Diuril (Thiazide diuretic) is a __ & __ blocker. -ANSWER Na+ & Cl-
If using diuretics, know ___ level to see how well diuretic may work. -ANSWER BUN
