Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry
Midterm Exam | Questions And
Answers
Florence Nightingale -ANSWER Known as the first nurse epidemiologist who explored
sanitation techniques and its effect on health
Roles of the Nurse -ANSWER Caregiver
Communicator
Educator
Advocate
Manager
Caregiver -ANSWER help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and
symptoms, and attain a maximal level of function
Advocate -ANSWER promote the patient's human and legal rights
Educator -ANSWER explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason behind
routine care activities, and demonstrate self care activities
Communicator -ANSWER Communication is the center of the nurse-patient relationship.
Communication is used to gain knowledge of the patient, and to meet the need of the
patient, their families, and the communities.
Manager -ANSWER Establish an environment for collaborative patient centered care. A
manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing
care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit
or facility.
Nurses in Legislation -ANSWER Nurses can influence policy decisions at all
governmental levels. One way is to get involved by participating in local and national
efforts. This effort is critical in exerting nurses' influence early in the political process.
Legislation is not beyond the nurse's control and national program can have bearing on
state politics.
Benner's Stages of Nursing Proficiency -ANSWER a nurse goes thorough 5 levels of
proficiency when acquiring nursing skills (Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent,
Proficient, Expert)
Novice -ANSWER Beginner nursing student or any nurse entering a situation with no
previous level of experience
,Advanced Beginner -ANSWER A Nurse with some level of experience with a situation
Competent -ANSWER A nurse that has had the same clinical position for 2- 3 years
Proficient -ANSWER Nurse with more that 2-3 years of the same clinical position. Has
gained experience from multiple situations.
Expert -ANSWER Nurse has diverse experience with an intuitive grasp to access clinical
situations
Autonomy -ANSWER initiating Independent nursing interventions without medical orders
Accountability -ANSWER as the nurse you are professionally and legally responsible for
the type and quality of care you provide
Nurse Midwife -ANSWER The practice of nurse-midwifery involves providing independent
care for women during normal pregnancy, labor, and delivery, as well as care for the
newborn.
CRNA (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist) -ANSWER Nurse anesthetists provide
surgical anesthesia under the guidance and supervision of an anesthesiologist, who is a
physician (health care provider) with advanced knowledge of surgical anesthesia.
Nurse Practitioners -ANSWER These advanced practice nurses manage self-limiting
acute and chronic stable medical conditions. They may or may not work independently
depending on the state regulations.
Clara Barton -ANSWER Founder of the American Red Cross
Dorthea Lynde Dix and Mother Bickerdyke -ANSWER Cared for wounded soldiers &
regulated supplies to troops during the Civil War. Dorothea Dix was one of the first
mental health advocates.
Harriet Tubman -ANSWER Former slave who helped slaves escape in the Underground
Railroad
Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster -ANSWER Community Nurses took care of poor in New
York opened Henry House
Nursing Metaparadigm -ANSWER Allows nurses to understand and explain what nursing
is, what nursing does, and why nurses do what they do. Nursing's metaparadigm
includes four concepts: person, health, environment/situation, and nursing.
Indwelling Urethral Catheter and Anesthetic Agents -ANSWER Anesthetic agents and
other agents given during surgery can decrease bladder contractility and/or sensation of
bladder fullness, causing urinary retention. Local trauma during lower abdominal and
, pelvic surgery sometimes obstructs urine flow, requiring temporary use of an indwelling
urinary catheter.
Indwelling Urethral Catheter and Positioning of the Patient -ANSWER When inserting an
indwelling urethral catheter, if the patient's condition does not allow the nurse to place
the patient in the correct position for insertion, the nurse must use critical thinking skills
to adapt positioning technique.
Inserting an Indwelling Uretheral Catheter for a Male Patient -ANSWER Using the
uncontaminated dominant hand, cleanse the meatus with cotton balls/swab sticks, using
circular strokes, beginning at the meatus and working outward in a spiral motion.
Repeat 3 times using a clean cotton ball/swabstick each time. With the nondominant
hand (now contaminated), retract the foreskin (if uncircumcised) and gently grasp the
penis at the shaft just below the glans. Hold the shaft of the penis at a right angle to the
body.
The Nursing Process -ANSWER five-step systematic method for giving patient care;
involves 1) assessing, 2) diagnosing, 3) planning, 4) implementing, and 5) evaluating
Assessment Phase of the Nursing Process -ANSWER The assessment phase of the
nursing process involves data collection to complete a thorough patient database and is
the first phase.
Subjective Data -ANSWER •Patients' verbal descriptions of their health problems
•Includes patient feelings, perceptions, and self-reported symptoms
Objective Data -ANSWER •Findings resulting from direct observation
Two Stages of Assessment -ANSWER •Collection of information from a primary source (a
patient) and secondary sources
•The interpretation and validation of data to determine whether more data are needed or
the database is complete.
Three Types of Assessment -ANSWER •Patient-centered interview (conducted during a
nursing history)
•Periodic assessments (conducted during ongoing contact with patients)
•Physical examination (conducted during a nursing history and at any time a patient
presents a symptom)
Assessment Data Sources -ANSWER •Patient
•Family caregivers and significant others
•Health care team
•Medical records
•Other records and the scientific literature
•Nurse's experience
Midterm Exam | Questions And
Answers
Florence Nightingale -ANSWER Known as the first nurse epidemiologist who explored
sanitation techniques and its effect on health
Roles of the Nurse -ANSWER Caregiver
Communicator
Educator
Advocate
Manager
Caregiver -ANSWER help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and
symptoms, and attain a maximal level of function
Advocate -ANSWER promote the patient's human and legal rights
Educator -ANSWER explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason behind
routine care activities, and demonstrate self care activities
Communicator -ANSWER Communication is the center of the nurse-patient relationship.
Communication is used to gain knowledge of the patient, and to meet the need of the
patient, their families, and the communities.
Manager -ANSWER Establish an environment for collaborative patient centered care. A
manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing
care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit
or facility.
Nurses in Legislation -ANSWER Nurses can influence policy decisions at all
governmental levels. One way is to get involved by participating in local and national
efforts. This effort is critical in exerting nurses' influence early in the political process.
Legislation is not beyond the nurse's control and national program can have bearing on
state politics.
Benner's Stages of Nursing Proficiency -ANSWER a nurse goes thorough 5 levels of
proficiency when acquiring nursing skills (Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent,
Proficient, Expert)
Novice -ANSWER Beginner nursing student or any nurse entering a situation with no
previous level of experience
,Advanced Beginner -ANSWER A Nurse with some level of experience with a situation
Competent -ANSWER A nurse that has had the same clinical position for 2- 3 years
Proficient -ANSWER Nurse with more that 2-3 years of the same clinical position. Has
gained experience from multiple situations.
Expert -ANSWER Nurse has diverse experience with an intuitive grasp to access clinical
situations
Autonomy -ANSWER initiating Independent nursing interventions without medical orders
Accountability -ANSWER as the nurse you are professionally and legally responsible for
the type and quality of care you provide
Nurse Midwife -ANSWER The practice of nurse-midwifery involves providing independent
care for women during normal pregnancy, labor, and delivery, as well as care for the
newborn.
CRNA (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist) -ANSWER Nurse anesthetists provide
surgical anesthesia under the guidance and supervision of an anesthesiologist, who is a
physician (health care provider) with advanced knowledge of surgical anesthesia.
Nurse Practitioners -ANSWER These advanced practice nurses manage self-limiting
acute and chronic stable medical conditions. They may or may not work independently
depending on the state regulations.
Clara Barton -ANSWER Founder of the American Red Cross
Dorthea Lynde Dix and Mother Bickerdyke -ANSWER Cared for wounded soldiers &
regulated supplies to troops during the Civil War. Dorothea Dix was one of the first
mental health advocates.
Harriet Tubman -ANSWER Former slave who helped slaves escape in the Underground
Railroad
Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster -ANSWER Community Nurses took care of poor in New
York opened Henry House
Nursing Metaparadigm -ANSWER Allows nurses to understand and explain what nursing
is, what nursing does, and why nurses do what they do. Nursing's metaparadigm
includes four concepts: person, health, environment/situation, and nursing.
Indwelling Urethral Catheter and Anesthetic Agents -ANSWER Anesthetic agents and
other agents given during surgery can decrease bladder contractility and/or sensation of
bladder fullness, causing urinary retention. Local trauma during lower abdominal and
, pelvic surgery sometimes obstructs urine flow, requiring temporary use of an indwelling
urinary catheter.
Indwelling Urethral Catheter and Positioning of the Patient -ANSWER When inserting an
indwelling urethral catheter, if the patient's condition does not allow the nurse to place
the patient in the correct position for insertion, the nurse must use critical thinking skills
to adapt positioning technique.
Inserting an Indwelling Uretheral Catheter for a Male Patient -ANSWER Using the
uncontaminated dominant hand, cleanse the meatus with cotton balls/swab sticks, using
circular strokes, beginning at the meatus and working outward in a spiral motion.
Repeat 3 times using a clean cotton ball/swabstick each time. With the nondominant
hand (now contaminated), retract the foreskin (if uncircumcised) and gently grasp the
penis at the shaft just below the glans. Hold the shaft of the penis at a right angle to the
body.
The Nursing Process -ANSWER five-step systematic method for giving patient care;
involves 1) assessing, 2) diagnosing, 3) planning, 4) implementing, and 5) evaluating
Assessment Phase of the Nursing Process -ANSWER The assessment phase of the
nursing process involves data collection to complete a thorough patient database and is
the first phase.
Subjective Data -ANSWER •Patients' verbal descriptions of their health problems
•Includes patient feelings, perceptions, and self-reported symptoms
Objective Data -ANSWER •Findings resulting from direct observation
Two Stages of Assessment -ANSWER •Collection of information from a primary source (a
patient) and secondary sources
•The interpretation and validation of data to determine whether more data are needed or
the database is complete.
Three Types of Assessment -ANSWER •Patient-centered interview (conducted during a
nursing history)
•Periodic assessments (conducted during ongoing contact with patients)
•Physical examination (conducted during a nursing history and at any time a patient
presents a symptom)
Assessment Data Sources -ANSWER •Patient
•Family caregivers and significant others
•Health care team
•Medical records
•Other records and the scientific literature
•Nurse's experience
