NR 546 FINAL EXAM VERSION 1 AND VERSION 2 NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIE
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i6x64q
1. Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Second generation antipsychotics: Pharmacologic Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
2. major depressive disorder (MDD)
one of the most common mental disorders
-Approximately 7.1% of adults in the U.S. had episode in last year, prevalence
highest (13.1%) among individuals aged 18-25
S/S
-depressed mood
-loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities
-irritability
-withdrawal
-problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration, or self-worth
-severe depression: may experience thoughts of suicide or psychotic symp-
toms.: Unipolar depression
3. Chronic condition characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood, energy,
and ability to function
-Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include mixed mood
or psychotic features
-many have only experienced only one manic episode in their lifetime
-Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability or may cycle
rapidly
-diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or hypomania
with a history of one or more major depressive episodes
-high risk for suicide: Bipolar disorder (BD)
4. characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. Related
symptoms may include inflated self-esteem, increased goal-directed activity
or energy, including grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, excessive talk-
ativeness, racing thoughts, flight of ideas (FOI), distractibility, psychomotor
, NR 546 FINAL EXAM VERSION 1 AND VERSION 2 NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIE
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i6x64q
agitation, and a propensity to be involved in high-risk activities. Mania leads
to significant functional impairment and may include psychotic features or
necessitate hospitalization: mania
5. requires at least one episode of mania for at least one week (or any duration
if hospitalization due to symptoms is required): Bipolar Type I:
6. diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic episode and a current or past
major depressive episode. Symptoms last for at least 4 days but fewer than
seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to cause signif-
icant functional impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to report these
symptoms, making bipolar more difficult to diagnose if the client presents in
the depression phase.: Bipolar Type II:
7. involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and depressive symptoms
that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive or manic/hypo-
manic episode.: Cyclothymia:
8. antidepressant therapy may precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-cy-
cling bipolar depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in children and
adults younger than 25: If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD:
9. monotherapy
-Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to prevent the
onset of a hypomanic or manic episode: Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar
disorder and never as ________________.
10. Decreased positive affect:
depressed mood
loss of joy
lack of interest
loss of energy
, NR 546 FINAL EXAM VERSION 1 AND VERSION 2 NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIE
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i6x64q
decreased alertness
decreased self-confidence
appetite changes: DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
11. Increased negative affect:
depressed mood
guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes: 5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
12. -depression occurs as a result of a deficiency of one or all three monoamine
transmitters
• serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
-while mania may result from an excess: monoamine hypothesis of depression
13. • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRI)
• Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitors (SARIs): Medication Management for
Depression, First-Line Treatment:
14. Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT reuptake
Adverse effects
-diarrhea
-headache
-weight gain
-sexual side effects: SSRI's
15. Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT reuptake
• inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy, focus)
, NR 546 FINAL EXAM VERSION 1 AND VERSION 2 NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIE
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i6x64q
• increase DA in prefrontal cortex (increase cognition)
Adverse effects
-elevated blood pressure
-anxiety
-insomnia
-constipation: SNRI's
16. Mechanism of action
• inhibit DA reuptake (increase alertness, motivation)
• inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy)
Adverse effects
-agitation
-headache
-dry mouth
-constipation
-weight loss: NDRI's
17. citalopram (Celexa): SSRI Prescribing Pearls: med with mild antihistamine effects
18. escitalopram (Lexapro): SSRI Prescribing Pearls: med with no known drug interactions
19. fluoxetine (Prozac): SSRI Prescribing Pearls: med with longest half-life
20. paroxetine (Paxil): SSRI Prescribing Pearls: med that also treats social anxiety and insomnia
21. fluvoxamine (Luvox): SSRI Prescribing Pearls: med that treats anxious depression; smokers require an
increased dose
22. sertraline (Zoloft): SSRI Prescribing Pearls: med that also treats social anxiety and hypersomnolence
23. INDICATION
-Depression
-GAD
-Social anxiety disorder
-Panic disorder
Mechanism of Action
-SNRI (dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor), Boosts neuro-
EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIE
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i6x64q
1. Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Second generation antipsychotics: Pharmacologic Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
2. major depressive disorder (MDD)
one of the most common mental disorders
-Approximately 7.1% of adults in the U.S. had episode in last year, prevalence
highest (13.1%) among individuals aged 18-25
S/S
-depressed mood
-loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities
-irritability
-withdrawal
-problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration, or self-worth
-severe depression: may experience thoughts of suicide or psychotic symp-
toms.: Unipolar depression
3. Chronic condition characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood, energy,
and ability to function
-Moods may be manic, hypomanic, or depressed and may include mixed mood
or psychotic features
-many have only experienced only one manic episode in their lifetime
-Mood fluctuations may be separated by periods of high stability or may cycle
rapidly
-diagnosed when a client has one or more episodes of mania or hypomania
with a history of one or more major depressive episodes
-high risk for suicide: Bipolar disorder (BD)
4. characterized by a persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. Related
symptoms may include inflated self-esteem, increased goal-directed activity
or energy, including grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, excessive talk-
ativeness, racing thoughts, flight of ideas (FOI), distractibility, psychomotor
, NR 546 FINAL EXAM VERSION 1 AND VERSION 2 NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIE
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i6x64q
agitation, and a propensity to be involved in high-risk activities. Mania leads
to significant functional impairment and may include psychotic features or
necessitate hospitalization: mania
5. requires at least one episode of mania for at least one week (or any duration
if hospitalization due to symptoms is required): Bipolar Type I:
6. diagnosis requires a current or past hypomanic episode and a current or past
major depressive episode. Symptoms last for at least 4 days but fewer than
seven.
-Hypomanic symptoms are not of sufficient duration or severity to cause signif-
icant functional impairment, psychosis, or hospitalization.
-Anger and irritability are common.
-Clients often enjoy the elevation of mood and are reluctant to report these
symptoms, making bipolar more difficult to diagnose if the client presents in
the depression phase.: Bipolar Type II:
7. involves the chronic presentation of hypomanic and depressive symptoms
that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive or manic/hypo-
manic episode.: Cyclothymia:
8. antidepressant therapy may precipitate a manic episode or induce rapid-cy-
cling bipolar depression
-may contribute to the increased incidence of death by suicide in children and
adults younger than 25: If bipolar depression is mistaken for MDD:
9. monotherapy
-Antidepressants should be combined with a mood stabilizer to prevent the
onset of a hypomanic or manic episode: Antidepressants are used cautiously in clients with bipolar
disorder and never as ________________.
10. Decreased positive affect:
depressed mood
loss of joy
lack of interest
loss of energy
, NR 546 FINAL EXAM VERSION 1 AND VERSION 2 NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIE
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i6x64q
decreased alertness
decreased self-confidence
appetite changes: DA, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
11. Increased negative affect:
depressed mood
guilt
fear/anxiety
hostility
irritability
loneliness
appetite changes: 5HT, NE Dysfunction causes what mood related symptoms
12. -depression occurs as a result of a deficiency of one or all three monoamine
transmitters
• serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
-while mania may result from an excess: monoamine hypothesis of depression
13. • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Norepinephrine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRI)
• Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitors (SARIs): Medication Management for
Depression, First-Line Treatment:
14. Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT reuptake
Adverse effects
-diarrhea
-headache
-weight gain
-sexual side effects: SSRI's
15. Mechanism of action
• inhibit 5-HT reuptake
• inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy, focus)
, NR 546 FINAL EXAM VERSION 1 AND VERSION 2 NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIE
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i6x64q
• increase DA in prefrontal cortex (increase cognition)
Adverse effects
-elevated blood pressure
-anxiety
-insomnia
-constipation: SNRI's
16. Mechanism of action
• inhibit DA reuptake (increase alertness, motivation)
• inhibit NE reuptake (increase energy)
Adverse effects
-agitation
-headache
-dry mouth
-constipation
-weight loss: NDRI's
17. citalopram (Celexa): SSRI Prescribing Pearls: med with mild antihistamine effects
18. escitalopram (Lexapro): SSRI Prescribing Pearls: med with no known drug interactions
19. fluoxetine (Prozac): SSRI Prescribing Pearls: med with longest half-life
20. paroxetine (Paxil): SSRI Prescribing Pearls: med that also treats social anxiety and insomnia
21. fluvoxamine (Luvox): SSRI Prescribing Pearls: med that treats anxious depression; smokers require an
increased dose
22. sertraline (Zoloft): SSRI Prescribing Pearls: med that also treats social anxiety and hypersomnolence
23. INDICATION
-Depression
-GAD
-Social anxiety disorder
-Panic disorder
Mechanism of Action
-SNRI (dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor), Boosts neuro-
