NMNC 1110 exam 2 Final Test
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
Clinical judgment - Answer an essential skill that involves the interpretation of a patient's
needs, concerns, or health problems and the decision to take action or not, to use or modify
standard approaches, or to improvise new approaches on the basis of a patient's response
Attitudes for clinical judgement - Answer confidence, thinking independently, fairness,
responsibility and authority, risk taking, discipline, perseverance, creativity, curiosity, integrity,
and humility.
Confidence - Answer Learn how to introduce yourself to a patient; speak with conviction
when you begin a treatment or procedure. Do not lead a patient to think that you are unable to
perform care safely. Always be well prepared before performing a nursing activity. Encourage a
patient to ask questions.
Thinking independently - Answer Read the nursing literature, especially when there are
different views on the same subject. Talk with other nurses and share ideas about nursing
interventions.
Fairness - Answer Listen to both sides in any discussion. If a patient or family member
complains about a co-worker, listen to the story and speak with the co-worker as well. If a staff
member labels a patient uncooperative, assume the care of that patient with openness and a
desire to meet the patient's needs
Responsibility and authority - Answer Ask for help if you are uncertain about how to perform
a nursing skill. Refer to a policy and procedure manual to review steps of a skill. Report any
problems immediately. Follow standards of practice in your care.
Risk taking - Answer If your knowledge causes you to question a health care provider's order,
do so. Be willing to recommend alternative approaches to nursing care when colleagues are
having little success with patients.
Discipline - Answer Be thorough in whatever you do. Use known scientific and practice-
based criteria for activities such as assessment and evaluation. Take time to be thorough and
manage your time effectively.
Perseverance - Answer Be cautious of an easy answer. If co-workers give you information
about a patient and some fact seems to be missing, clarify the information or talk to the patient
,directly. If problems of the same type continue to occur on a nursing division, bring co-workers
together, look for a pattern, and find a solution.
Creativity - Answer Look for different approaches if interventions are not working for a
patient. For example, a patient in pain may need a different positioning or distraction technique.
When appropriate, involve the patient's family in adapting your approaches to care methods
used at home
Curiosity - Answer Always ask why. A clinical sign or symptom often indicates a variety of
problems. Explore and learn more about a patient so as to make appropriate clinical judgments.
Integrity - Answer Recognize when your opinions conflict with those of a patient; review
your position and decide how best to proceed to reach outcomes that will satisfy everyone. Do
not compromise nursing standards or honesty in delivering nursing care.
Humility - Answer Recognize when you need more information to make a decision. When
you are new to a clinical division, ask for an orientation to the area. Ask registered nurses (RNs)
regularly assigned to the area for assistance with approaches to care.
Skills for clinical judgement - Answer Interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation,
explanation, self- regulation
Interpretation - Answer Be orderly in collecting data about patients. Apply reasoning while
looking for patterns. Categorize the data (e.g., nursing diagnoses). Gather additional data or
clarify any data if uncertain.
Analysis - Answer Be open-minded as you look at information about a patient. Do not make
careless assumptions. Does the data reveal a problem or trend that you believe is true, or are
there other options?
Inference - Answer Look at the meaning and significance of findings. Are there relationships
among findings? Does the data about the patient help you see that a problem exists?
Evaluation - Answer Look at all situations objectively. Use criteria (e.g., expected outcomes,
pain characteristics, learning objectives) to determine results of nursing actions. Reflect on your
own behavior.
Explanation - Answer Support your findings and conclusions. Use knowledge and experience
to choose strategies to use in the care of patients.
, Self-regulation - Answer Reflect on your experiences. Be responsible for connecting your
actions with outcomes. Identify the ways you can improve your own performance. What will
make you believe that you have been successful?
Tanners model of clinical judgement - Answer Noticing
Interpreting
Responding
Reflecting
Noticing - Answer § behind the nurse's eyes are as important as what is in front. These
include the background of the nurse, the nurse's relationship with the patient, and the context
of care
§ Once an issue is noticed, the nurse immediately gathers additional information and draws on
his or her background, including theoretical knowledge, past experiences with similar patients
as well as his or her relationship and knowledge of this particular patient within the specific
context of care, and ethical beliefs about what is right in this situation.
o Interpreting - Answer § expert nurses draw on a variety of reasoning patterns (analytic,
intuitive, and narrative) to interpret the meaning of what has been noticed
- Analytic
- Intuitive
- narrative
Analytic (interpreting) - Answer students and novice nurses, or more experienced nurses
encountering unfamiliar situations, tend to rely on analytic reasoning based on theoretical
knowledge
Intuitive (interpreting) - Answer Expert nurses often use intuitive reasoning based on
unstated but understood knowledge about the patient, the caregiving context, and their
previous experiences
narrative (interpreting) - Answer reasoning supports deep understanding of caregiving
situations. Nurses hear patients' stories of their experiences with illness, how they understand
their symptoms, what meaning they attribute to their illness, how they cope with it, and what
they hope for resolution. helps nurses understand the specific patient experience, setting the
stage for individualizing care.
Responding - Answer the nurse uses his or her interpretation to respond to the particular
patient issue through one or more nursing interventions.
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026 Updated.
Clinical judgment - Answer an essential skill that involves the interpretation of a patient's
needs, concerns, or health problems and the decision to take action or not, to use or modify
standard approaches, or to improvise new approaches on the basis of a patient's response
Attitudes for clinical judgement - Answer confidence, thinking independently, fairness,
responsibility and authority, risk taking, discipline, perseverance, creativity, curiosity, integrity,
and humility.
Confidence - Answer Learn how to introduce yourself to a patient; speak with conviction
when you begin a treatment or procedure. Do not lead a patient to think that you are unable to
perform care safely. Always be well prepared before performing a nursing activity. Encourage a
patient to ask questions.
Thinking independently - Answer Read the nursing literature, especially when there are
different views on the same subject. Talk with other nurses and share ideas about nursing
interventions.
Fairness - Answer Listen to both sides in any discussion. If a patient or family member
complains about a co-worker, listen to the story and speak with the co-worker as well. If a staff
member labels a patient uncooperative, assume the care of that patient with openness and a
desire to meet the patient's needs
Responsibility and authority - Answer Ask for help if you are uncertain about how to perform
a nursing skill. Refer to a policy and procedure manual to review steps of a skill. Report any
problems immediately. Follow standards of practice in your care.
Risk taking - Answer If your knowledge causes you to question a health care provider's order,
do so. Be willing to recommend alternative approaches to nursing care when colleagues are
having little success with patients.
Discipline - Answer Be thorough in whatever you do. Use known scientific and practice-
based criteria for activities such as assessment and evaluation. Take time to be thorough and
manage your time effectively.
Perseverance - Answer Be cautious of an easy answer. If co-workers give you information
about a patient and some fact seems to be missing, clarify the information or talk to the patient
,directly. If problems of the same type continue to occur on a nursing division, bring co-workers
together, look for a pattern, and find a solution.
Creativity - Answer Look for different approaches if interventions are not working for a
patient. For example, a patient in pain may need a different positioning or distraction technique.
When appropriate, involve the patient's family in adapting your approaches to care methods
used at home
Curiosity - Answer Always ask why. A clinical sign or symptom often indicates a variety of
problems. Explore and learn more about a patient so as to make appropriate clinical judgments.
Integrity - Answer Recognize when your opinions conflict with those of a patient; review
your position and decide how best to proceed to reach outcomes that will satisfy everyone. Do
not compromise nursing standards or honesty in delivering nursing care.
Humility - Answer Recognize when you need more information to make a decision. When
you are new to a clinical division, ask for an orientation to the area. Ask registered nurses (RNs)
regularly assigned to the area for assistance with approaches to care.
Skills for clinical judgement - Answer Interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation,
explanation, self- regulation
Interpretation - Answer Be orderly in collecting data about patients. Apply reasoning while
looking for patterns. Categorize the data (e.g., nursing diagnoses). Gather additional data or
clarify any data if uncertain.
Analysis - Answer Be open-minded as you look at information about a patient. Do not make
careless assumptions. Does the data reveal a problem or trend that you believe is true, or are
there other options?
Inference - Answer Look at the meaning and significance of findings. Are there relationships
among findings? Does the data about the patient help you see that a problem exists?
Evaluation - Answer Look at all situations objectively. Use criteria (e.g., expected outcomes,
pain characteristics, learning objectives) to determine results of nursing actions. Reflect on your
own behavior.
Explanation - Answer Support your findings and conclusions. Use knowledge and experience
to choose strategies to use in the care of patients.
, Self-regulation - Answer Reflect on your experiences. Be responsible for connecting your
actions with outcomes. Identify the ways you can improve your own performance. What will
make you believe that you have been successful?
Tanners model of clinical judgement - Answer Noticing
Interpreting
Responding
Reflecting
Noticing - Answer § behind the nurse's eyes are as important as what is in front. These
include the background of the nurse, the nurse's relationship with the patient, and the context
of care
§ Once an issue is noticed, the nurse immediately gathers additional information and draws on
his or her background, including theoretical knowledge, past experiences with similar patients
as well as his or her relationship and knowledge of this particular patient within the specific
context of care, and ethical beliefs about what is right in this situation.
o Interpreting - Answer § expert nurses draw on a variety of reasoning patterns (analytic,
intuitive, and narrative) to interpret the meaning of what has been noticed
- Analytic
- Intuitive
- narrative
Analytic (interpreting) - Answer students and novice nurses, or more experienced nurses
encountering unfamiliar situations, tend to rely on analytic reasoning based on theoretical
knowledge
Intuitive (interpreting) - Answer Expert nurses often use intuitive reasoning based on
unstated but understood knowledge about the patient, the caregiving context, and their
previous experiences
narrative (interpreting) - Answer reasoning supports deep understanding of caregiving
situations. Nurses hear patients' stories of their experiences with illness, how they understand
their symptoms, what meaning they attribute to their illness, how they cope with it, and what
they hope for resolution. helps nurses understand the specific patient experience, setting the
stage for individualizing care.
Responding - Answer the nurse uses his or her interpretation to respond to the particular
patient issue through one or more nursing interventions.
