Comprehensive COPD Nursing Care Plan & Study Guide (2026 NCLEX & Med-Surg Prep)

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COPD Nursing Care Plan for NCLEX & Med-Surg
Study Guide 2026.




1. Overview of COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive
respiratory disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation and
impaired gas exchange.

COPD includes two primary conditions:

• Chronic Bronchitis
• Emphysema

These conditions lead to airway inflammation, mucus production,
alveolar destruction, and difficulty breathing.



2. Pathophysiology Summary

COPD develops through the following mechanisms:

1. Chronic airway inflammation
2. Increased mucus production
3. Narrowing of bronchioles
4. Destruction of alveoli
5. Loss of lung elasticity
6. Air trapping in lungs

This results in:

• Hypoxemia (low oxygen)

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• Hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide)



3. Common Signs and Symptoms

• Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
• Chronic cough
• Wheezing
• Excess sputum
• Barrel chest
• Fatigue
• Cyanosis (late stage)
• Use of accessory muscles



4. Nursing Assessment

Subjective Data

• Shortness of breath
• Chest tightness
• Fatigue
• Difficulty breathing during activity

Objective Data

• Wheezing or crackles
• Low oxygen saturation
• Barrel chest
• Prolonged expiration
• Cyanosis



5. Diagnostic Tests