Anatomy and Physiology 251 Study Guide: Nerves, Nervous Tissue, and CNS
1. Explain what will happen to cellular excitability when the electrical gap
between the threshold and resting membrane voltages widens, as
observed in hypercalemia?
A= cellular excitability decreases
2. What are two ways neurotransmitters can be removed from the
synaptic cleft?
A= reuptake and enzymatic degradation
3. What is the role of sensory receptors in sensation?
A= to detect stimuli and convert them into nerve impulses
4. T or F- the sympathetic nervous system is involved in managing stress
and preparing for physical exertion?
A= true
5. What role does the sodium-potassium pump play in maintaining the
resting membrane potential?
A= it maintains resting potential by pumping 3Na+ (sodium) out and
2K+ (potassium) in, keeping the inside negative
6. A patient with impaired motor coordination and cerebellar injury
presents to the clinic.
a- Define ataxia and explain how cerebellar injury leads to this
condition
A= ataxis is the lack of coordination, cerebellar injury disrupts
integration of sensory and motor signals
b- Compare the roles of the cerebellum and basal nuclei in motor
control
A= cerebellum- coordinates timing, precision, and balance, where
as basal nuceli- initiate, regulate, and inhibit unwanted movements
c- Why would cerebellar damage not result in the same symptoms as
those seen in parkinson’s disease?
A= because parkinson’s is due to dopamine loss is basal nuclei not
cerebellar dysfunction
7. What are some potential long- term effects of severe CVA (stroke) and
how can patients regain function?
A= they include paralysis, speech problems, memory loss, and
cognitive deficits. Repair function through rehab therapy- (PT, OT, SLP),
neuroplasticity, and adaptive training
8. A 55 year old patient is diagnosed with ALS, as the disease progresses,
they lose the ability to move their arms and legs and eventually
1. Explain what will happen to cellular excitability when the electrical gap
between the threshold and resting membrane voltages widens, as
observed in hypercalemia?
A= cellular excitability decreases
2. What are two ways neurotransmitters can be removed from the
synaptic cleft?
A= reuptake and enzymatic degradation
3. What is the role of sensory receptors in sensation?
A= to detect stimuli and convert them into nerve impulses
4. T or F- the sympathetic nervous system is involved in managing stress
and preparing for physical exertion?
A= true
5. What role does the sodium-potassium pump play in maintaining the
resting membrane potential?
A= it maintains resting potential by pumping 3Na+ (sodium) out and
2K+ (potassium) in, keeping the inside negative
6. A patient with impaired motor coordination and cerebellar injury
presents to the clinic.
a- Define ataxia and explain how cerebellar injury leads to this
condition
A= ataxis is the lack of coordination, cerebellar injury disrupts
integration of sensory and motor signals
b- Compare the roles of the cerebellum and basal nuclei in motor
control
A= cerebellum- coordinates timing, precision, and balance, where
as basal nuceli- initiate, regulate, and inhibit unwanted movements
c- Why would cerebellar damage not result in the same symptoms as
those seen in parkinson’s disease?
A= because parkinson’s is due to dopamine loss is basal nuclei not
cerebellar dysfunction
7. What are some potential long- term effects of severe CVA (stroke) and
how can patients regain function?
A= they include paralysis, speech problems, memory loss, and
cognitive deficits. Repair function through rehab therapy- (PT, OT, SLP),
neuroplasticity, and adaptive training
8. A 55 year old patient is diagnosed with ALS, as the disease progresses,
they lose the ability to move their arms and legs and eventually
