BIO 2020 103 NCLEX MEDSURG MASTER
STUDY GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Experimental group in an experiment. Answer: The group in an
experiment that receives the variable being tested.
⩥ Independent variable. Answer: The variable that is deliberately
changed in a scientific experiment.
⩥ Dependent variable. Answer: The variable being tested/observed and
measured in a scientific experiment (the data we collect)
⩥ Steps of the scientific method. Answer: 1. Make an observation
2. Ask a question
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Make a prediction based on the hypothesis
5. Design & conduct a controlled experiment
6. Report results
⩥ Elements necessary for life. Answer: Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,
oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur (CHNOPS)
,⩥ Characteristics of life. Answer: Made of cells, reproduce, based on a
universal genetic code, grow & develop, obtain & use materials &
energy, respond to their environment, maintain homeostasis, as a group
change over time (evolve)
⩥ Parts of an atom and their charges. Answer: Protons (positive),
neutrons (neutral), electrons (negative).
⩥ Ion. Answer: An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to
the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
⩥ Isotope. Answer: Atoms of the same element with different numbers
of neutrons.
⩥ Metabolism. Answer: The combination of all the chemical reaction
through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it
carries out its life processes.
⩥ Three common types of chemical bonds. Answer: Ionic, covalent, and
hydrogen bonds.
⩥ Ionic bond. Answer: Formed when one or more electrons are
transferred from one atom to another resulting in the formation of
positive & negative ions
, ⩥ cation. Answer: A positively charged ion
⩥ anion. Answer: A negatively charged ion
⩥ covalent bonds. Answer: Bonds created by sharing electrons with
other atoms. Strongest & most common form of chemical bond in living
organisms. There are two types: polar covalent & nonpolar covalent
⩥ polar covalent bond. Answer: unequal sharing of electrons resulting in
slightly positive and slightly negative charges on the compound
(example: water H2O)
⩥ nonpolar covalent bond. Answer: A type of covalent bond in which
electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar
electronegativity.
⩥ hydrogen bond. Answer: Attraction between a slightly positive
hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom (shown as a dashed line)
⩥ properties of water. Answer: cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent,
solid is less dense than liquid, specific heat
⩥ hydrophilic. Answer: water loving
STUDY GUIDE 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Experimental group in an experiment. Answer: The group in an
experiment that receives the variable being tested.
⩥ Independent variable. Answer: The variable that is deliberately
changed in a scientific experiment.
⩥ Dependent variable. Answer: The variable being tested/observed and
measured in a scientific experiment (the data we collect)
⩥ Steps of the scientific method. Answer: 1. Make an observation
2. Ask a question
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Make a prediction based on the hypothesis
5. Design & conduct a controlled experiment
6. Report results
⩥ Elements necessary for life. Answer: Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,
oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur (CHNOPS)
,⩥ Characteristics of life. Answer: Made of cells, reproduce, based on a
universal genetic code, grow & develop, obtain & use materials &
energy, respond to their environment, maintain homeostasis, as a group
change over time (evolve)
⩥ Parts of an atom and their charges. Answer: Protons (positive),
neutrons (neutral), electrons (negative).
⩥ Ion. Answer: An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to
the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
⩥ Isotope. Answer: Atoms of the same element with different numbers
of neutrons.
⩥ Metabolism. Answer: The combination of all the chemical reaction
through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it
carries out its life processes.
⩥ Three common types of chemical bonds. Answer: Ionic, covalent, and
hydrogen bonds.
⩥ Ionic bond. Answer: Formed when one or more electrons are
transferred from one atom to another resulting in the formation of
positive & negative ions
, ⩥ cation. Answer: A positively charged ion
⩥ anion. Answer: A negatively charged ion
⩥ covalent bonds. Answer: Bonds created by sharing electrons with
other atoms. Strongest & most common form of chemical bond in living
organisms. There are two types: polar covalent & nonpolar covalent
⩥ polar covalent bond. Answer: unequal sharing of electrons resulting in
slightly positive and slightly negative charges on the compound
(example: water H2O)
⩥ nonpolar covalent bond. Answer: A type of covalent bond in which
electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar
electronegativity.
⩥ hydrogen bond. Answer: Attraction between a slightly positive
hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom (shown as a dashed line)
⩥ properties of water. Answer: cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent,
solid is less dense than liquid, specific heat
⩥ hydrophilic. Answer: water loving
