Here are easy +1
Here are easy +1 level notes for Chemical Bonding and Molecular St
ructure (state syllabus friendly). I wrote them in simple points for stu
dying quickly. 📚
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure – Short Notes
1. Chemical Bond
A chemical bond is the force of attraction that holds atoms together
in a molecule or compound.
Atoms form bonds to become stable (like noble gas electronic config
uration).
Types of Chemical Bonds
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Coordinate (Dative) bond
Hydrogen bond
2. Ionic Bond
An ionic bond is formed by transfer of electrons from one atom to an
other.
One atom loses electron → cation (+)
Another atom gains electron → anion (-)
Example
NaCl
Na → Na⁺ + e⁻
Cl + e⁻ → Cl⁻
Na⁺ + Cl⁻ → NaCl
Properties
High melting and boiling point
Conduct electricity in molten or aqueous state
Usually soluble in water
3. Covalent Bond
A covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.
Example
H₂ molecule
H:H
Each hydrogen shares 1 electron pair.
Types
Single bond – 1 pair shared (H₂)
Double bond – 2 pairs shared (O₂)
Triple bond – 3 pairs shared (N₂)
Properties
Low melting point
Do not conduct electricity
Exist as molecules
4. Lewis Dot Structure
Lewis structure shows valence electrons as dots.
Example: Oxygen
O::
Here are easy +1 level notes for Chemical Bonding and Molecular St
ructure (state syllabus friendly). I wrote them in simple points for stu
dying quickly. 📚
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure – Short Notes
1. Chemical Bond
A chemical bond is the force of attraction that holds atoms together
in a molecule or compound.
Atoms form bonds to become stable (like noble gas electronic config
uration).
Types of Chemical Bonds
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Coordinate (Dative) bond
Hydrogen bond
2. Ionic Bond
An ionic bond is formed by transfer of electrons from one atom to an
other.
One atom loses electron → cation (+)
Another atom gains electron → anion (-)
Example
NaCl
Na → Na⁺ + e⁻
Cl + e⁻ → Cl⁻
Na⁺ + Cl⁻ → NaCl
Properties
High melting and boiling point
Conduct electricity in molten or aqueous state
Usually soluble in water
3. Covalent Bond
A covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.
Example
H₂ molecule
H:H
Each hydrogen shares 1 electron pair.
Types
Single bond – 1 pair shared (H₂)
Double bond – 2 pairs shared (O₂)
Triple bond – 3 pairs shared (N₂)
Properties
Low melting point
Do not conduct electricity
Exist as molecules
4. Lewis Dot Structure
Lewis structure shows valence electrons as dots.
Example: Oxygen
O::
