European policy
Cezere Doorn
European Studies
NHL Stenden
1
, Policy – week 1
The policy cycles
1. Identification – the identification of a social problem
2. Agenda setting – placing it on the agenda
3. policy development – various policy proposals are formulated. Out of these one will
be adopted by the decision-makers
4. implementation – the adopted policy is enacted
5. evaluation – the impact of the policy is evaluated
then again back to number 1
lowi’s typology
= Four different types of policies
1. Distributive policies: measures which affect the distribution of resources from the
government to particular recipients.
2. Redistributive policies: the transfer of resources from one societal group to another.
3. Regulatory policies: specify conditions and constraints for individual or collective
behaviour.
4. Constituent policies: create or modify the state’s institutions.
Distributive policies
= Measures which affect the distribution of resources from the government to particular
recipients.
- Public funds are used to assist particular societal groups.
- Cost are assigned to the general public
- Those who benefit, do (mostly) not compete with others. (only winners no losers)
- Examples: local infrastructure, schools, highways, water management
Redistributive policies
= The transfer of resources from one societal group to another.
- The reallocation of costs and benefits between different societal groups.
- Example: progressive taxation - money is taken away from the rich and given to the
poor.
- Likelihood of conflict between those who benefit and those who loose.
- Welfare
2
Cezere Doorn
European Studies
NHL Stenden
1
, Policy – week 1
The policy cycles
1. Identification – the identification of a social problem
2. Agenda setting – placing it on the agenda
3. policy development – various policy proposals are formulated. Out of these one will
be adopted by the decision-makers
4. implementation – the adopted policy is enacted
5. evaluation – the impact of the policy is evaluated
then again back to number 1
lowi’s typology
= Four different types of policies
1. Distributive policies: measures which affect the distribution of resources from the
government to particular recipients.
2. Redistributive policies: the transfer of resources from one societal group to another.
3. Regulatory policies: specify conditions and constraints for individual or collective
behaviour.
4. Constituent policies: create or modify the state’s institutions.
Distributive policies
= Measures which affect the distribution of resources from the government to particular
recipients.
- Public funds are used to assist particular societal groups.
- Cost are assigned to the general public
- Those who benefit, do (mostly) not compete with others. (only winners no losers)
- Examples: local infrastructure, schools, highways, water management
Redistributive policies
= The transfer of resources from one societal group to another.
- The reallocation of costs and benefits between different societal groups.
- Example: progressive taxation - money is taken away from the rich and given to the
poor.
- Likelihood of conflict between those who benefit and those who loose.
- Welfare
2
