NURS 317 Unit 1 Exam With
Complete Solutions
An adult client has been diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which of the
client's following statements demonstrates an accurate understanding of this
diagnosis?
A. I suppose I really should have paid more attention to my blood pressure.
B. I've always been prone to getting UTIs, and now I know why.
C. I suppose I should be tested to see if my children might inherit this,
D. I had a feeling that I was taking too many medications, and now I know the
damage they can do. - ANSWER C. I suppose I should be tested to see if my
children might inherit this, (25)
While taking a client history, which of the following assessments lead the nurse
to suspect the client may have polycystic kidney disease? Select all that apply.
A. Massive proteinuria on dipstick urine specimen
B. Renal colic with flank pain
C, Bright red blood in urine sample
D. Elevated blood pressure of 180/90
E. Shortness of breath with loud rhonchi and wheezes heard on auscultation. -
ANSWER B. Renal colic with flank pain
C, Bright red blood in urine sample
D. Elevated blood pressure of 180/90 (25)
Which of the following statements about the use of angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitor medications and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney
disease (ARPKD) is accurate?
A. The use of ACE inhibitors will increase vasopressin levels.
B. ACE inhibitors may interrupt the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to
reduce renal vasoconstriction
C. The ACE inhibitors have been shown to shrink the size of the cysts inside the
kidneys.
D. ACE inhibitors should be used strictly in those clients who also have an
underlying cardiac history. - ANSWER B. ACE inhibitors may interrupt the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system to reduce renal vasoconstriction (25)
An infant has been diagnosed with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney
disease (ARPKD). Which of the following treatment goals would be considered
the priority in the care of this child?
A. Rehydration therapy
B. Total parental nutrition
,C. Prophylactic antibiotics
D. Respiratory support. - ANSWER D. Respiratory support. (25)
Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by:
A. Vesicoureteral reflux
B. Catheter-induced infection
C. Antigen-antibody complexes
D. Glomerular membrane viruses - ANSWER C. Antigen-antibody complexes (25)
A client has been given the diagnosis of diffuse glomerulonephritis. They ask the
nurse what diffuse means. The nurse responds:
A. Only some of the glomeruli are affected
B. Only one segment of each glomerulus is involved.
C. That the mesangial cells are being affected
D. All glomeruli and all parts of the glomeruli are involved. - ANSWER D. All
glomeruli and all parts of the glomeruli are involved. (25)
A child is recovering from a bout of group A _-hemolytic Streptococcus
infection. They return to the clinic a week later complaining of decrease in urine
output with puffiness and edema noted in the face and hands. The health care
provider suspects the child has developed:
A. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
B. Adult-onset medullary cystic disease
C. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
D. Acute nephritic syndrome. - ANSWER C. Acute postinfectious
glomerulonephritis (25)
Following an episode of strep throat, the school nurse notices the fourth grade
child has not recovered from this illness a week later. Upon further
investigation, the nurse notices that the child has developed water retention.
Which of the following assessments support this conclusion? Select all that
apply.
A. Periorbital edema
B. BP 100/70
C. Swelling of the hands and feet
D. Vomiting after intake of any solid food
E. Dizziness and right ear pain - ANSWER A. Periorbital edema
C. Swelling of the hands and feet (25)
Which of the following assessment findings would lead the nurse to suspect the
client has nephrotic syndrome?
A. Hematuria and anemia
B. Proteinuria and generalized edema
C. Renal colic and increased serum sodium
D. Increased creatinine with normal blood urea nitrogen. - ANSWER B.
Proteinuria and generalized edema (25)
, Following the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, the nurse knows the clinical
manifestations occur as a result of a decreased plasma colloidal osmotic
pressure. Therefore, the nurse should assess the client for: Select all that apply.
A. Moist crackles in both lung fields
B. Areas of diminished breath sounds due to pleural effusions
C. Liver enlargement
D. Kidneys palpable to deep palpation
E. Increased circumference in the abdomen related to fluid excess. - ANSWER
A. Moist crackles in both lung fields
B. Areas of diminished breath sounds due to pleural effusions
E. Increased circumference in the abdomen related to fluid excess. (25)
A client has been recently undergoing diagnostic testing for possible Berger
disease. The nurse caring for this client would anticipate the primary clinical
manifestations including which of the following? Select all that apply.
A. Gross hematuria
B. Recent upper resp infection
C. Elevated ketone levels in the urine
D. Fever, chills, and general body aches. - ANSWER A. Gross hematuria
B. Recent upper resp infection
D. Fever, chills, and general body aches. (25)
A 43 y/o female has recently been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) glomerulonephritis. She has presented to the out clinic department to
have a renal biopsy. Knowing the usual treatment options, the nurse should
anticipate educating the client (who has a positive biopsy result) on which of the
following medications being prescribed? Select all that apply.
A. Lasix, a diuretic
B. Prednisone, a corticosteroid
C. Captopril, an ACE inhibitor
D. Ampicillin, an antibiotic. - ANSWER B. Prednisone, a corticosteroid
C. Captopril, an ACE inhibitor (25)
The most recent assessment of a client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes
indicates a heightened risk of diabetic nephropathy. Which of the following
assessment findings is most suggestive of this increased risk?
A. Microalbuminuria
B. Hematuria
C. Orthostatic hypotension
D. Diabetic retinopathy - ANSWER A. Microalbuminuria (25)
Which of the following diagnostic and assessment results support the diagnosis
of chronic pyelonephritis? Select all that apply.
A. Polyuria (excess urine output)
B. Nocturia (voiding at night)
Complete Solutions
An adult client has been diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which of the
client's following statements demonstrates an accurate understanding of this
diagnosis?
A. I suppose I really should have paid more attention to my blood pressure.
B. I've always been prone to getting UTIs, and now I know why.
C. I suppose I should be tested to see if my children might inherit this,
D. I had a feeling that I was taking too many medications, and now I know the
damage they can do. - ANSWER C. I suppose I should be tested to see if my
children might inherit this, (25)
While taking a client history, which of the following assessments lead the nurse
to suspect the client may have polycystic kidney disease? Select all that apply.
A. Massive proteinuria on dipstick urine specimen
B. Renal colic with flank pain
C, Bright red blood in urine sample
D. Elevated blood pressure of 180/90
E. Shortness of breath with loud rhonchi and wheezes heard on auscultation. -
ANSWER B. Renal colic with flank pain
C, Bright red blood in urine sample
D. Elevated blood pressure of 180/90 (25)
Which of the following statements about the use of angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitor medications and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney
disease (ARPKD) is accurate?
A. The use of ACE inhibitors will increase vasopressin levels.
B. ACE inhibitors may interrupt the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to
reduce renal vasoconstriction
C. The ACE inhibitors have been shown to shrink the size of the cysts inside the
kidneys.
D. ACE inhibitors should be used strictly in those clients who also have an
underlying cardiac history. - ANSWER B. ACE inhibitors may interrupt the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system to reduce renal vasoconstriction (25)
An infant has been diagnosed with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney
disease (ARPKD). Which of the following treatment goals would be considered
the priority in the care of this child?
A. Rehydration therapy
B. Total parental nutrition
,C. Prophylactic antibiotics
D. Respiratory support. - ANSWER D. Respiratory support. (25)
Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by:
A. Vesicoureteral reflux
B. Catheter-induced infection
C. Antigen-antibody complexes
D. Glomerular membrane viruses - ANSWER C. Antigen-antibody complexes (25)
A client has been given the diagnosis of diffuse glomerulonephritis. They ask the
nurse what diffuse means. The nurse responds:
A. Only some of the glomeruli are affected
B. Only one segment of each glomerulus is involved.
C. That the mesangial cells are being affected
D. All glomeruli and all parts of the glomeruli are involved. - ANSWER D. All
glomeruli and all parts of the glomeruli are involved. (25)
A child is recovering from a bout of group A _-hemolytic Streptococcus
infection. They return to the clinic a week later complaining of decrease in urine
output with puffiness and edema noted in the face and hands. The health care
provider suspects the child has developed:
A. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease.
B. Adult-onset medullary cystic disease
C. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
D. Acute nephritic syndrome. - ANSWER C. Acute postinfectious
glomerulonephritis (25)
Following an episode of strep throat, the school nurse notices the fourth grade
child has not recovered from this illness a week later. Upon further
investigation, the nurse notices that the child has developed water retention.
Which of the following assessments support this conclusion? Select all that
apply.
A. Periorbital edema
B. BP 100/70
C. Swelling of the hands and feet
D. Vomiting after intake of any solid food
E. Dizziness and right ear pain - ANSWER A. Periorbital edema
C. Swelling of the hands and feet (25)
Which of the following assessment findings would lead the nurse to suspect the
client has nephrotic syndrome?
A. Hematuria and anemia
B. Proteinuria and generalized edema
C. Renal colic and increased serum sodium
D. Increased creatinine with normal blood urea nitrogen. - ANSWER B.
Proteinuria and generalized edema (25)
, Following the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, the nurse knows the clinical
manifestations occur as a result of a decreased plasma colloidal osmotic
pressure. Therefore, the nurse should assess the client for: Select all that apply.
A. Moist crackles in both lung fields
B. Areas of diminished breath sounds due to pleural effusions
C. Liver enlargement
D. Kidneys palpable to deep palpation
E. Increased circumference in the abdomen related to fluid excess. - ANSWER
A. Moist crackles in both lung fields
B. Areas of diminished breath sounds due to pleural effusions
E. Increased circumference in the abdomen related to fluid excess. (25)
A client has been recently undergoing diagnostic testing for possible Berger
disease. The nurse caring for this client would anticipate the primary clinical
manifestations including which of the following? Select all that apply.
A. Gross hematuria
B. Recent upper resp infection
C. Elevated ketone levels in the urine
D. Fever, chills, and general body aches. - ANSWER A. Gross hematuria
B. Recent upper resp infection
D. Fever, chills, and general body aches. (25)
A 43 y/o female has recently been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) glomerulonephritis. She has presented to the out clinic department to
have a renal biopsy. Knowing the usual treatment options, the nurse should
anticipate educating the client (who has a positive biopsy result) on which of the
following medications being prescribed? Select all that apply.
A. Lasix, a diuretic
B. Prednisone, a corticosteroid
C. Captopril, an ACE inhibitor
D. Ampicillin, an antibiotic. - ANSWER B. Prednisone, a corticosteroid
C. Captopril, an ACE inhibitor (25)
The most recent assessment of a client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes
indicates a heightened risk of diabetic nephropathy. Which of the following
assessment findings is most suggestive of this increased risk?
A. Microalbuminuria
B. Hematuria
C. Orthostatic hypotension
D. Diabetic retinopathy - ANSWER A. Microalbuminuria (25)
Which of the following diagnostic and assessment results support the diagnosis
of chronic pyelonephritis? Select all that apply.
A. Polyuria (excess urine output)
B. Nocturia (voiding at night)
