COMM 2300 TEST 2 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

COMM 2300 TEST 2 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Discrete data are sometimes referred to as nominal data or categorical data. - Answers True Generally, reliability can be improved. - Answers True A Likert-type scale: - Answers has a response set which must be balanced at the ends of the continuum. A semantic differential scale: - Answers all of the above A sampling frame is the available population in which a researcher is interested and from which research participants are selected. - Answers True The quality of data interpretation cannot be better than the quality of data collected. - Answers True Sampling error is: - Answers B and C Probability sampling means that selection of participants is: - Answers random Continuous level data: - Answers A and b In practice, perfect reliability is easily achieved. - Answers False The smaller the sample, the greater the proportion of participants needed for the sample. - Answers True Convenience samples are never an appropriate choice for identifying research participants. - Answers False A population is: - Answers c and d 1.Choose the term that matches the description of data type below. Employment status; Sex 2.Choose the term that matches the description of data type below. Score on communication competence questionnaire 3. Choose the term that matches the description of data type below. Ranking of preferences for political candidates 4.Choose the term that matches the description of data type below. Number of times the audience asks a speaker questions - Answers 1. Discrete data 2. Interval data 3. Ordinal data 4.Ratio data Measurement allows researchers to make comparisons among: - Answers all of the above Match the following terms and the descriptions of sampling procedures: 1.Quota Sample 2.Snowball sample 3.Convenience sample 4.Volunteer sample 5.Purposive sample - Answers 1.Researcher seeks a specified number of participants who fit the characteristics of subgroups important to the research project. 2.Finding additional research participants by asking current participants to recommend individuals with similar characteristics. 3.Choosing individuals who are convenient and easily available as research participants. 4.Using the individuals who offer to participate in a research study. 5.Choosing individuals to participate in research because they are considered "typical" of the critical characteristics important to the research project 1.Simple random sampling 2.Systematic sampling 3.Stratified random sampling 4.Cluster sampling - Answers 1.Every person has an equal chance of being selected; individuals are selected one at a time and independently. 2.Divide the population by the desired sample size to establish that every nth person should be selected; select a random number to establish where in the list to begin selection. 3.Population is divided according to homogeneous groups; randomly select participants from each group. 4.A two-stage sampling process used when the researcher cannot identify a complete listing of the population. Sample size is the same as the number of people you ask or select to participate. - Answers False Simple random sampling is: - Answers When every person has an equal chance of being selected to participate in the study. A threat to validity or reliability is: - Answers any data-related problem that could lead you to draw a false conclusion from the data. A field interview: - Answers is most effective when the interviewer can draw on terminology, issues, and themes introduced into the conversation by the respondent. In field interviewing, closed questions are better for initiating dialogue and obtaining full descriptions. - Answers False A socially desirable response is: - Answers the answer the participant believes the interviewer or researcher is seeking. Electronic interviewing is an effective substitute for face-to-face interviewing. - Answers False Response rate is the same as sample size. - Answers False A semantic differential scale: - Answers is based on two bipolar adjectives Field notes: - Answers all of the above A researcher conducting a qualitative study must balance what is being observed with what he or she knows or can draw upon from the scholarly literature. - Answers True An open question: - Answers b and d Researchers often include stimulus statements with questionnaires or survey. The purpose of the stimulus statement is to: - Answers direct participants' attention to the type of questions they will be answering, as well as provide general instructions in answering the question. Counting the number of times a theme appears in your field notes is a good way to analyze field notes. - Answers False Data produced by focus groups do not need to be analyzed if the moderator followed the focus group outline. - Answers False It is okay to include some items in a questionnaire for which you are unsure that participants will have adequate knowledge to respond. If this is the case, participants will know to ignore this item and go on to the next. - Answers False In selecting respondents for field interviews, researchers use probability sampling techniques to identify respondents. - Answers False An alternative to a self-report questionnaire is to ask the same questions in a one-on-one interview. - Answers True Ethnography is best described as the - Answers holistic description of interactants in their cultural or subcultural environment. Internal reliability is the degree to which: - Answers participants like the questions asked on a survey. Likert-type scale response choices must be balanced at the ends of the response continuum. - Answers True Stories or narratives can be a reliable guide to the storytellers' beliefs, attitudes, values, and actions. - Answers True Ideally, participants in a focus group should: - Answers have homogeneous backgrounds, but dissimilar attitudes and perspectives. A skewed curve is: - Answers characterized by the data being bunched to one side or the other. The letter n or N represents the number of cases for which data is reported. - Answers True A frequency is used to: - Answers c and d Generally, it is not meaningful to analyze or interpret a score on one variable from one individual. - Answers True A significance level is: - Answers the level of error the researcher is will to accept for each statistical test. Hypothesis testing: - Answers all of the above The normal curve is: - Answers a theoretical distribution of scores. Significance levels are never set at levels other than .05. - Answers False Achieving statistical significance indicates that the findings have social and practical application. - Answers False The further out a score is on the distribution, the: - Answers more extreme the score Most distributions of scores have only one score that occurs most often. - Answers False In a skewed distribution, the mean is always pulled to the side with the long tail. - Answers True In considering the distribution of scores, there are four standards to the right of the midpoint, and four standards to the left of the midpoint. - Answers False 1.Inferential statistics 2.Dataset 3.Descriptive statistics 4.Data 5. Raw Data - Answers 1.Information about the relationships between or among variables. 2.All participants' responses compiled together. 3.Summary information about the data set as a whole. 4.Information about communication phenomena, of which numbers are one type. 5.Participants' numerical responses to questionnaire. The standard deviation is the: - Answers indication of how close or how far apart scores are from one another. To compute the median, the data must be arranged in order from lowest to highest score. - Answers True Mean, median, and mode are measures of central tendency. - Answers True All percentages are computed on 100 as the base. - Answers False The mean: - Answers all of the above Descriptive statistics supply information about the variables, but the researcher must make value judgments or inferences about what the data mean. - Answers True Researchers use ANOVA when they are interested in testing for the variance that exists within groupings of the independent variable. - Answers False Inferential statistics are used to: - Answers draw conclusions about a population by examining the data from a sample. The t-statistic is found by simply computing the means and standard deviations for both groups. - Answers False Statistical differences can be determined by simply comparing mean scores. If the mean scores are different, then the difference is statistically significant. - Answers False Inferential statistics tell the researcher which participant's score is the most significant. - Answers False Achieving statistical significance indicates that the findings have social and practical application. - Answers False The chi-square: - Answers compares the observed frequency with the expected frequency. A chi-square can indicate if significant differences are found, but can not determine where the significance differences occurred. - Answers True