PSYC140 Module 7 Exam | Developmental Psychology | Portage Learning | 2026 / 2027 Latest Exam Questions & Correct Answers | Guaranteed A

PSYC140 Module 7 Exam | Developmental Psychology | Portage Learning | 2026 / 2027 Latest Exam Questions & Correct Answers | Guaranteed A Q: Give an overview of the types of physical changes that occur in early adulthood The list given in this module shows an overview of certain types of physical decline: Answer -Maximum heart rate may gradually decrease -Respiratory capacity gradually decreases (becomes noticeable after age 25 under heavy exercise conditions) -Lens of the eye stiffens, thickens -Sensitivity to sound at high frequencies decreases -Fast-twitch muscles decline in size and amount Q: What did this Module say about differences in sexual behavior between married and unmarried couples? Answer Married couples report having more sex than unmarried individuals Q: Reflection question: Where you surprised by the information on divorce statistics? Why or why not? Answer Yes and No. The decreased marriage rates did not surprise me since it is people my age saying they don't want kids or marriage. However, the low divorce rate was surprising to me. I know many people who have divorced parents or have gotten remarried themselves so it was surprising to learn that it is not the majority Q: How would you summarize postformal thought? Answer Although different theories describe this stage (and although there is controversy over whether adults actually reach this stage!), it generally consists of being able to reflect and make more complex judgments, and seeing multiple perspectives and points of view Q: Describe Sternberg's three components of love Answer Intimacy: emotional connectedness, involves warm communication. Passion: biological closeness, sexual and romantic feelings. Commitment: cognitive component, a decision to stay together Q: Choose three of the 7 types of love discussed in this module and create a profile of a fictional couple that exemplifies these types of love Answer companionate love- has strong intimacy but lacks passion consummate love- has all 3 love components, most satisfying and enduring relationship infatuation- only passion, no intimacy or commitment Q: How would you summarize the information on the likelihood of couples divorcing? Answer the "50%" figure is not a literal number but is rather a projection of the likelihood of couples to divorce at the present time. This rate might be much higher or much lower for any particular couple. If you reverse the trends discussed in this module, you can see that the odds for a particular couple to get a divorce are higher if: money is tight, if the couple have a child before marrying, if at least one partner was a child of a divorce, if neither partner is religious, and if one partner never attended college Q: Identify common symptoms of menopause Answer Mood fluctuations, hot flashes, shrinking of reproductive organs, difficulties becoming sexually aroused, decreased skin elasticity, loss of bone mass, raised blood pressure Q: Why don't all women experience symptoms of menopause? Answer A woman's experience of menopause depends on a variety of factors, including race and culture Q: What are the pros and cons of hormone therapy? Answer Pros: Most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms, protect against osteoporosis. Cons: Increased risk of certain cancers—breast, uterine, heart attack, stroke in some women Q: Given what you learned in this module, how would you respond to the claim, "everyone goes through a mid-life crisis"? Answer It is actually untrue that all middle aged adults experience a mid-life crisis. On the contrary, very few adults do, and those who do tend to be men who feel that they were prevented in some way from achieving some major life goal. It is a far more typical experience for a middle aged adult to experience a time of transition as they take stock of where they are in life, where they've been, and where they'd like to be Q: Reflection questions: What are your thoughts about whether most emerging adults are successfully launched? Also, do you know of any adult who epitomizes the "sandwich generation"? If so, what roles and responsibilities does this individual have? Does he/she show signs of caregiver strain? Answer I think most adults need more time in the family home. Many "launch" too early and are under financial and emotional stress believing all or nothing in terms of either living with family or moving out on their own. I also don't think launching all at once sets an individual up for personal success. Yes, I know someone who is in the sandwich generation. She takes complete care of her mother, which puts strain on the entire family. Yes, she is often stressed about the caregiving schedule and not having the freedom of worrying about taking care of her Q: What cognitive improvements can be observed in middle age, according to the Seattle Longitudinal Study? Answer Verbal abilities/increased vocabulary, spatial reasoning, simple math/problem solving, abstract reasoning Q: True or false? The overall divorce rate today is higher than it was in the United States in the 1970s. Answer FALSE Q: True or false? One's level of education has nothing to do with one's likelihood of divorce? Answer FALSE Q: True or false? Growing up in a household in which one's parents divorced has little to do with one's likelihood of also divorcing. Answer FALSE Q: True or false? Some cultures have no record of individuals in that culture experiencing a mid-life crisis. Answer TRUE Q: True or false? According to the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, 50% of male 17-year-olds report being sexually active. Answer FALSE Q: Bill and Mary have been married for 30 years and are comfortable with each other. They rarely go on romantic outings, and rarely have sex. However, they enjoy simply spending time together Answer Companionate Q: _____________ is a term that refers to a child coming of age and leaving the family home. Answer Launching Q: Alex and Quinn just met and immediately felt a close emotional connection with one another. They love getting together to talk and have communicated their feelings of closeness to one another Answer Romantic Love Q: Which of Sternberg's types of love includes only passion? Answer Infatuation Q: Milly and Harry are crazy about each other. Although they've only known each other for six weeks, they've decided to drive to Las Vegas and get married. Throughout the brief ceremony, they can't keep their hands off each other. Answer Fatuous Q: ____________ adulthood is a term for the in-between period during which individuals leave adolescence but are not fully adults Answer emerging Q: The ________ is the term for the midlife transition during which fertility declines Answer climacteric Q: Q: Compared to prior generations, people in Generation Z are ____________ to be sexually active in early adulthood. Answer less likely Q: Which of the following age ranges most accurately reflects when one's physical peak is? Answer 20-35 Q: True or false? Experts recommend that women who started menopause after age 45 and who aren't bothered by menopausal symptoms should not begin hormone replacement therapy. Answer TRUE Q: Hormone replacement therapy to treat menopausal symptoms involves receiving daily doses of estrogen and ______________. Answer progesterone Q: True or false? Hot flashes during the climacteric period are inevitable for all women. Answer FALSE Q: True or false? For most people, particularly if physical fitness is not maintained, a number of physical declines begin as early as early adulthood Answer TRUE Q: Describe William Perry's three stages of post-formal thought. Be specific. Answer Moves from dualistic thinking—black and white, to Multiple Thinking—different viewpoints, but hard to reconcile, to Commitment within Relativism—multiple viewpoints, but can commit to one's own Q: Much variety exists in women's menopausal symptoms. Describe two of the cross cultural cross-racial differences in menopausal symptoms that you learned about during this module. Be specific. Answer One of the cross-cultural-racial differences in menopausal symptoms that I learned about was that Chinese and Japanese women were less likely to have night sweats and hot flashes in comparison to other cultures. Another cross-cultural-racial difference that I learned about was that caucasian women reported having more aches and difficulty sleeping in comparison to women of other race. Choose one of Sternberg's types of love (for example, Infatuation) and describe a couple that exemplifies this type of love. Be sure to name the type of love that you are depicting and be very specific in explaining how the couple displays the various components. Answer Gina and Joe are in a new relationship and can't seem to stay away from each other. They spend lots of time together and tend to engage in sexual activity frequently. When they are not with each other, they talk about the other individual constantly. This type of love would be infatuation. What are two recommendations from experts for reducing the risk of problems from hormone replacement therapy? Answer Testing out for the best products and method of delivery, take the lowest effective dose, and a healthy life style Describe a family exemplifying the "Sandwich generation." Answer Middle aged adults literally in between caring for children and elderly parents. Carrying responsibilities for both of the other age groups. In this module, you read an article by Jean Twenge on Generation Z (or iGen). Summarize in detail what the article said regarding smartphone use in this generation and increasing rates of depression and suicide. Then, discuss in detail your reaction to this information. Supplement your response with information on the extent to which the information on the relationship between smartphone use and depressed mood match what you have observed. Finally, indicate recommendations for helping these issues, based on what the article said. Do you agree that these will work? Answer The article said that essentially said that the longer time a teen spends on their smartphone, the higher the likelihood of him/her for developing depression and/or committing suicide. I am not at all surprised by this statistic, I have a pretty conscience use of the internet but I have some friends who do not and I constantly hear them negatively comparing themselves to other people by making comments about their own appearance or if a boy stops talking to them, they immediately shutdown and start to feel down or bad about themselves. These observation matches up with what Twenge found in her study. I believe the recommendations of restricting screen time and encouraging more in-person interactions are wonderful. I know from first hand experience, taking a break from social media has really helped me to be more conscience of my own behavior and not focus on the negative aspects. Describe a profile of someone who, based on statistics, would have a divorce rate well below the 40-50% range annual income over 50k, waiting to have a baby, not having divorced parents, being religious, education You have a friend who is very pessimistic about the state of marriage in society. He supports his view by saying that "50% of marriages end in divorce." Based on your understanding of how to correctly interpret statistics predicting the likelihood of divorce, how could you update his interpretation? In your answer to your friend, be sure a) to correctly interpret the "50%" figure and explain in detail multiple factors affect the likelihood of divorce. Then, describe in detail your own response to the information that you learned about the divorce rate. Did this information surprise you? Why or why not? I would explain that this is an outdated statistic from the 1970s and is not an accurate reflection of the current divorce rate. The divorce rate has dropped since this time. There are many varying factors that could lead a couple to divorce. Having an annual income over $50k lowers your divorce rate. Waiting to have children lowers the likelihood of divorce as well. Having grown up in an intact home versus a divorced household can help to avoid divorce. Being religious and obtaining a higher education such as a college degree can also lower the likelihood. This information does not surprise me. My parents have been together for almost 40 years and have all of the above incorporated into their marriage. They make well above $50k, both have college degrees, practice religion and didn't have children until they had been married for six years. Which of Sternberg's types of love only includes intimacy? Liking Halley and Matthew are about to celebrate their 6-month anniversary. They have an elaborate celebration planned, since this anniversary coincides with Valentine's Day. They both have a strong connection to one another, but have not communicated any long-term plans to one another. Type of love that describes them best? Romantic True or false? According to the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, 50% of male 17-year-olds report being sexually active. False, 30 % of males 16-17 years old Amy and Max have been married for 5 years. They're still very much in love and make it a point to sit down and talk with each other every day, and go on romantic dates at least every other week. What type of love? Consummate love True or false? The General Social Survey indicates that married couples tend to have sex at least once a week, average 58 times per year. True The term for the end of reproductive capacity? Menopause True or false? For most people, particularly if physical fitness is not maintained, a number of physical declines begin as early as early adulthood. True True or false? Hot flashes during the climacteric period are inevitable for all women. False Describe William Perry's three stages of postformal thought. Be specific. Moves from Dualistic Thinking—black and white (someone is right vs. someone is wrong), to Multiple Thinking—different viewpoints, but hard to reconcile the various perspectives and decide what one may believe themself, to Commitment within Relativism—multiple viewpoints, but can reflect on and decide one's own belief regarding these perspectives. Much variety exists in women's menopausal symptoms. Describe two of the cross cultural cross-racial differences in menopausal symptoms that you learned about during this module. Be specific. Black and latina americans are more likely that white or asain americans to experience early onset of menopause. Women of color experience more severe hot flashes and night swets compared to other races. White americans more likely to experience gi upset such as nausea vomiting and diarrhea. Asian american symptoms are the least severe and the duration of menopause is the shortest. Latinas have longest duration then black then white americans Describe a profile of someone who, based on statistics, would have a divorce rate well below the 40-50% range. Annual income over 50k, waiting to have a baby, not having divorced parents, being religious, education. 2 pts. Then, 2 pts for a detailed profile. True or false? One's level of education has nothing to do with one's likelihood of divorce? False Alex and Quinn just met and immediately felt a close emotional connection with one another. They love getting together to talk and have communicated their feelings of closeness to one another. Liking Which of Sternberg's types of love is thought to be the most complete? Consummate love Milly and Harry are crazy about each other. Although they've only known each other for six weeks, they've decided to drive to Las Vegas and get married. Throughout the brief ceremony, they can't keep their hands off each other. Which type of love? Fatuous Is a term for the in-between period during which individuals leave adolescence but are not fully adults Emerging adulthood The ________ is the term for the midlife transition during which fertility declines. Climacteric Which of the following age ranges most accurately reflects when one's physical peak is? 20-35 Describe two types of physical declines that can occur as early as early adulthood, as learned in the module. Answers need to describe at least two of the following: maximum heart rate decreases, respiratory capacity decreases—especially when other high exertion, lens of eye stiffens and thickens, sound sensitivity to high frequencies decreases, fast twitch muscles decrease in size and amount. What did this Module say about differences in sexual behavior between married and unmarried couples? Married couples report having more sex than unmarried individuals. Reflection question: Were you surprised by the information on divorce statistics? Why or why not? The “50 percent of marriages end in divorce” figure is not based on the current number of couples who have actually divorced. Instead, it reflects a prediction of the percentage of currently married couples who are likely to divorce. Since the divorce rate has dropped since the 1970s, it is no longer an accurate predictive value. How would you summarize postformal thought? Although different theories describe this stage (and although there is controversy over whether adults actually reach this stage!), it generally consists of being able to reflect and make more complex judgments, and seeing multiple perspectives and points of view. Describe Sternberg's three components of love. Intimacy: emotional connectedness, involves warm communication. Passion: biological closeness, sexual and romantic feelings. Commitment: cognitive component, a decision to stay together Choose three of the 7 types of love discussed in this module and create a profile of a fictional couple that exemplifies these types of love 7. (6 month rship) Romantic love- this type of love is passionate and intimate. 6. Infatuation- this type of love is passionate. Jack and Sally fell in love at first sight, but are not closely bonded or desire long term commitment. 5. (just met married in vegas) Fatuous love- this type of love is passionate and committed. 4. Empty love- this type of love is committed. Amita and Jin had an arranged marriage. They are fully committed to each other, but they are not emotionally bonded or have strong attraction to each other. 3. Companionate love- this type of love is intimate and committed. Maddy and Brian have been married for some time and are not passionate anymore, but they have deep affection and a high level of commitment towards one another. 2. (just met, no commitment) Liking- this type of love is intimate only. Jack and Jill are very close friends, but do not feel a romantic connection or desire a long term 1. (5 years rship) Consummate love- most complete. intimacy, passion, commitment How would you summarize the information on the likelihood of couples divorcing? Your answer should include the following: a discussion of how the "50%" figure is not a literal number but is rather a projection of the likelihood of couples to divorce at the present time. This rate might be much higher or much lower for any particular couple. If you reverse the trends discussed in this module, you can see that the odds for a particular couple to get a divorce are higher if: money is tight, if the couple have a child before marrying, if at least one partner was a child of a divorce, if neither partner is religious, and if one partner never attended college. Identify common symptoms of menopause. Mood fluctuations, hot flashes, shrinking of reproductive organs, difficulties becoming sexually aroused, decreased skin elasticity, loss of bone mass, raised blood pressure. Why don't all women experience symptoms of menopause? A woman's experience of menopause depends on a variety of factors, including race and culture. What are the pros and cons of hormone therapy? Pros: Most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms, protect against osteoporosis. Cons: Increased risk of certain cancers—breast, uterine, heart attack, stroke in some women. Given what you learned in this module, how would you respond to the claim, "everyone goes through a mid-life crisis"? It is actually untrue that all middle aged adults experience a mid-life crisis. On the contrary, very few adults do, and those who do tend to be men who feel that they were prevented in some way from achieving some major life goal. It is a far more typical experience for a middle aged adult to experience a time of transition as they take stock of where they are in life, where they've been, and where they'd like to be. Reflection questions: What are your thoughts about whether most emerging adults are successfully launched? Also, do you know of any adult who epitomizes the "sandwich generation"? If so, what roles and responsibilities does this individual have? Does he/she show signs of caregiver strain? Should include a well-considered reflection on current society and middle-aged adults' relationships to their children and parents. What cognitive improvements can be observed in middle age, according to the Seattle Longitudinal Study? Verbal abilities/increased vocabulary, spatial reasoning, simple math/problem solving, abstract reasoning. Bill and Mary have been married for 30 years and are comfortable with each other. They rarely go on romantic outings, and rarely have sex. However, they enjoy simply spending time together. What type of love? Companionate love Which of the following types of love is based on only one love component? Infatuation (intimacy, empty love) True or false? Women are more likely than men to experience a mid-life crisis. False The "sandwich generation" refers to middle-aged adults who? Are caregivers for both their children and their parents. Which of Sternberg's components of love (intimacy, passion, commitment) has to do with emotional connectedness? intimacy True or false? Middle adulthood is roughly between the ages of 40-60. True For which of the following sports would the physical peak typically come earlier: tennis, golfing, or baseball? Tennis True or false? Hot flashes during the climacteric period are inevitable. False Do middle-aged adults experience a mid-life crisis? Explain why or why not. crisis is too strong a term, transition does occur, few adults experience full-blown crisis, there are usually contributing factors to the crisis besides age You have a friend who is very pessimistic about the state of marriage in society. He supports his view by saying that "50% of marriages end in divorce." Based on your understanding of how to correctly interpret statistics predicting the likelihood of divorce, how could you update his interpretation? In your answer to your friend, be sure a) to correctly interpret the "50%" figure and explain in detail multiple factors affect the likelihood of divorce. Then, describe in detail your own response to the information that you learned about the divorce rate. Did this information surprise you? Why or why not? 4 pts for correct interpretation of the statistics: - it is a projection that does not necessarily reflect actual behavior, - based on a projection from the 1970s, -divorce rates have decreased since then, other factors affect the rate. 3 pts for factors: annual income over 50k, waiting to have a baby, not having divorced parents, being religious, education. 3 pts for well-supported and detailed response. Compared to prior generations, people in Generation Z are ____________ to be sexually active in early adulthood Less Likely Which of Sternberg's types of love includes all three love components? Consummate love True or false? Women who experience early menopause are at lower risk for osteoporosis. False How does Labouvie-Vief describe postformal thought? More relativistic thinking, seeing shades of gray rather than black and white. Module question: Give an overview of the types of physical changes that occur in early adulthood. Why is this type of development considered multidirectional? The list given in this module shows an overview of certain types of physical decline: -Maximum heart rate may gradually decrease -Respiratory capacity gradually decreases (becomes noticeable after age 25 under heavy exercise conditions) -Lens of the eye stiffens, thickens -Sensitivity to sound at high frequencies decreases -Fast-twitch muscles decline in size and amount Multidirectional indicates that there are both declines and improvements in the same person during this time period. Module question: What did this Module say about differences in sexual behavior between married and unmarried couples? Married couples report having more sex than unmarried individuals. Module question: How would you summarize the information on the likelihood of couples divorcing? Were you surprised by any of the information regarding divorce statistics? Why or why not? Your answer should include the following: a discussion of how the "50%" figure is not a literal number but is rather a projection of the likelihood of couples to divorce at the present time. This rate might be much higher or much lower for any particular couple. If you reverse the trends discussed in this module, you can see that the odds for a particular couple to get a divorce are higher if: money is tight, if the couple have a child before marrying, if at least one partner was a child of a divorce, if neither partner is religious, and if one partner never attended college. Module question: How would you summarize postformal thought? How does postformal thought differ from Piaget's formal operations? Although different theories describe this stage (and although there is controversy over whether adults actually reach this stage!), it generally consists of being able to reflect and make more complex judgments, and seeing multiple perspectives and points of view. Although people in formal operations demonstrate abstract thinking, postformal thought shows more flexibility and humility as people see multiple perspectives. Module question: Can you see examples of postformal thinking in your own life or in the lives of others you know? How would you classify that example using Perry's stages? [Note]Answers will vary, but should identify one of Perry's 3 stages (dualistic, multiple thinking, commitment within relativism). An example of postformal thinking in my life might be how I approach political debates. In my younger years, I may have thought in more dualistic terms—believing my viewpoint was "right" and the opposing side was "wrong." Over time, I've come to recognize that many issues have multiple valid perspectives and that understanding different viewpoints requires considering the complexities and nuances behind them. For instance, when discussing healthcare policy, I can see valid concerns on both sides of the debate, such as the need for universal healthcare and the challenges of its funding. This shift from black-and-white thinking to appreciating multiple perspectives aligns with Perry's multiple thinking stage. Additionally, after reflecting on the different viewpoints, I've made an informed decision about what I believe should be prioritized in policy, which aligns with commitment within relativism, recognizing the validity of other perspectives but making a commitment to my own beliefs based on the information and arguments I find most compelling. Module question: Describe Sternberg's three components of love. Intimacy: emotional connectedness, involves warm communication. Passion: biological closeness, sexual and romantic feelings. Commitment: cognitive component, a decision to stay together. Module question: Choose three of the 7 types of love discussed in this module and create a profile of a fictional couple that exemplifies these types of love. Lena and Jake's relationship evolves through three types of love as described by Sternberg. Initially, they experience infatuation, marked by intense passion and physical attraction with little emotional connection or commitment. Over time, their relationship deepens into companionate love, where their emotional bond grows, and they commit to each other's well-being, though the initial passion fades. Years later, their love matures into consummate love, where they combine intimacy, passion, and commitment, resulting in a deep, lasting connection. Their journey reflects how love can evolve from excitement and physical attraction to a stable, fulfilling partnership, with each stage building upon the previous one. Module question: Identify common symptoms of menopause. Mood fluctuations, hot flashes, shrinking of reproductive organs, difficulties becoming sexually aroused, decreased skin elasticity, loss of bone mass, raised blood pressure. Module question: Why don't all women experience symptoms of menopause? A woman's experience of menopause depends on a variety of factors, including race and culture. Module question: What are the pros and cons of hormone therapy? Pros: Most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms, protect against osteoporosis. Cons: Increased risk of certain cancers—breast, uterine, heart attack, stroke in some women. Module question: What cognitive improvements can be observed in middle age, according to the Seattle Longitudinal Study? Verbal abilities/increased vocabulary, spatial reasoning, simple math/problem solving, abstract reasoning. Module question: Given what you learned in this module, how would you respond to the claim, "everyone goes through a mid-life crisis"? Suggested response: It is actually untrue that all middle aged adults experience a mid life crisis. On the contrary, very few adults do, and those who do tend to be men who feel that they were prevented in some way from achieving some major life goal. It is a far more typical experience for a middle aged adult to experience a time of transition as they take stock of where they are in life, where they've been, and where they'd like to be. Module question: Reflection questions: What are your thoughts about whether most emerging adults are successfully launched? Also, do you know of any adult who epitomizes the "sandwich generation"? If so, what roles and responsibilities does this individual have? Does he/she show signs of caregiver strain? Most emerging adults today experience a more gradual process of "launching," where they may come and go from the family home multiple times rather than leaving all at once. This extended transition is influenced by societal changes like longer education and financial pressures, which create emotional and financial strain for middle-aged parents who continue to support their adult children. While this fluid launching process can delay full independence, it also allows emerging adults more time to develop on their own terms. Regarding the "sandwich generation," I know adults who care for both aging parents and adult children, often experiencing caregiver strain from the emotional and physical demands of managing both roles. One example is a friend who supports her elderly mother and provides financial and emotional help to her adult children, resulting in stress and occasional burnout, though she benefits from a caregiver support group. The "sandwich generation" role is challenging, balancing the needs of both younger and older generations while also maintaining personal well-being. Which of Sternberg's types of love includes only passion? A. fatuous love B. infatuation C. romantic love D. consummate love B. infatuation For the following couples, identify which of the following types of love best describes the relationship: Alex and Quinn just met and immediately felt a close emotional connection with one another. They love getting together to talk and have communicated their feelings of closeness with one another A. consummate love B. fatuous love C. liking D. romantic E. companionate C. liking For the following couples, identify which of the following types of love best describes the relationship: Milly and Harry are crazy about each other. although they have only known each other for 6 weeks, they've decided to drive to Las Vegas and get married. throughout the brief ceremony, they cant keep their hands off each other A. consummate love B. fatuous love C. liking D. romantic E. companionate B. fatuous love T/F: According to the National Survey of sexual health and behavior, 50% of male 17 year olds report being sexually active False For the following couples, identify which of the following types of love best describes the relationship: Bill and Mary have been married for 30 years and are comfortable with each other. they rarely go on romantic outings and rarely have sex. However, they enjoy simply spending time together A. consummate love B. fatuous love C. liking D. romantic E. companionate E. companionate T/F: Hot flashes during the climacteric period are inevitable for all women False Hormone replacement therapy to treat menopausal symptoms involves receiving daily doses of estrogen and _____ progesterone T/F: For most people, particularly if physical fitness is not maintained, a number of physical declines begin as early adulthood True Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Describe William Perry's three stages of postformal thought. Be specific. [TEACHERS NOTE] Moves from dualistic thinking—black and white, to Multiple Thinking—different viewpoints, but hard to reconcile, to Commitment within Relativism—multiple viewpoints, but can commit to one's own. Perry conducted a research on college students and states that they move from dualistic thinking to multiple thinking to commitment within relativism. Dualistic thinking is more of what is right vs. wrong/ black and white argument. Multiple thinking is growing to have an understanding that there are different viewpoints to consider but it's hard to reconcile the various perspectives. Commitment within relativism is saying that there are multiple viewpoints but that person can reflect and decide on what they believe and weigh on within those multiple viewpoints they've obtained. Moves from dualistic thinking—black and white, to Multiple Thinking—different viewpoints, but hard to reconcile, to Commitment within Relativism—multiple viewpoints, but can commit to one's own Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. What are two recommendations from experts for reducing the risk of problems from hormone replacement therapy? [TEACHERS NOTE] 4 points for two recommendations: Trial and error for best product and delivery method, take lowest effective dose, follow-up care, healthy lifestyle. To reduce the risk of problems from hormone replacement therapy, one should find the best product and delivery method for them. That can either be in a pill, cream, patch, or gel form. If you have complications in a certain area, you would want to use the best method for that specific area for a better outcome. Make sure to have follow up care and see your doctor regularly. It also helps to make sure the benefits of the hormone therapy is still a good option, or if it is needed to decrease the amount of medication that is taken. For everything in life, it is always best to make healthy lifestyle choices. Testing out for the best products and method of delivery, take the lowest effective dose, and a healthy life style Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Describe a family exemplifying the "Sandwich generation." [TEACHERS NOTE] Answers need to depict someone caring for elderly parents as well as children. A sandwich generation is when a middle-aged adult has to take care of their parents and children. They feel the need or maybe the responsibility falls on them that they must take care of their older family while still taking care of their own. Middle aged adults literally in between caring for children and elderly parents. Carrying responsibilities for both of the other age groups. Answer the following essay question. Essays should be written clear, full sentences. You have a friend who is very pessimistic about the state of marriage in society. He supports his view by saying that "50% of marriages end in divorce." Based on your understanding of how to correctly interpret statistics predicting the likelihood of divorce, how could you update his interpretation? In your answer to your friend, be sure a) to correctly interpret the "50%" figure and explain in detail multiple factors affect the likelihood of divorce.Then, describe in detail your own response to the information that you learned about the divorce rate. Did this information surprise you? Why or why not? [TEACHERS NOTE] (4 pts) for correct interpretation of the statistics: - it is a projection that does not necessarily reflect actual behavior, - based on a projection from the 1970s, -divorce rates have decreased since then, other factors affect the rate. (3 pts) for factors: annual income over 50k, waiting to have a baby, not having divorced parents, being religious, education. (3 pts) for well-supported and detailed response. I would explain to my friend that the statement "50% of all marriages end in divorce" is misleading and stems from a 1970s prediction, which has since been misinterpreted. In reality, divorce rates have been steadily declining. This is due to factors like people focusing on their careers and education before marriage, delaying marriage until later in life, and choosing not to marry at all. Additionally, growing up in a stable, two-parent household can lower the chances of divorce, as can factors such as having children 7 months after marriage, being religious, and obtaining a college education. These trends reflect a shift toward more mature, informed marriages. While these factors can help reduce the risk of divorce, they are not guarantees. Social media and technology have also contributed to divorces by increasing opportunities for deceit, and communication remains a crucial factor in marriage. This information does not surprise me. My parents have been together for almost 35 years and have all of the above incorporated into their marriage. They make well above $50k, both have college degrees, practice religion and didn't have children until they had been married for two years. True or false? The overall divorce rate today is higher than it was in the United States in the 1970s. False True or false? One's level of education has nothing to do with one's likelihood of divorce? False True or false? Growing up in a household in which one's parents divorced has little to do with one's likelihood of also divorcing. False True or false? Some cultures have no record of individuals in that culture experiencing a mid-life crisis. True _____________ is a term that refers to a child coming of age and leaving the family home. Launching ____________ adulthood is a term for the in-between period during which individuals leave adolescence but are not fully adults emerging The ________ is the term for the midlife transition during which fertility declines A. anticlimactic B. climactic C. menopause D. senescene B. climacteric Compared to prior generations, people in Generation Z are ____________ to be sexually active in early adulthood. A. more likely B. less likely C. about as likely B. less likely Which of the following age ranges most accurately reflects when one's physical peak is? 20-35 True or false? Experts recommend that women who started menopause after age 45 and who aren't bothered by menopausal symptoms should not begin hormone replacement therapy. True Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Much variety exists in women's menopausal symptoms. Describe two of the cross cultural cross-racial differences in menopausal symptoms that you learned about during this module. Be specific. [TEACHERS NOTE] 4 points for describing 2 differences: different definitions for and meaning behind menopause—more positive in Japanese, different symptoms noticed among different races (Caucasian: Muscle aches, irritability, insomnia; AfricanAmerican: hot flashes, night sweats, more positive; Chinese/Japanese: fewer night sweats and hot flashes, less positive; Japanese/Nigerian: frozen shoulders; rural Mayan and other indigenous cultures: more positive, as women assume role of spiritual leader; timing differs (earliest for Latin American and African American, then Caucasian, then Asian-American Menopause, typically occurring between ages 45-55 or after 12 months without a period, marks the end of menstruation. The transition from premenopausal to postmenopausal can take up to 10 years, with the perimenopausal phase leading up to it. Menopausal symptoms vary greatly among women, influenced by factors like race and ethnicity. Black, Native American, and Latina women tend to experience earlier menopause and more severe symptoms, including more hot flashes and night sweats, which last longer than in white women. Black women often have heavier periods, while Latina women report more intense hot flashes and sleep issues. White women commonly experience muscle aches and insomnia, and Chinese and Japanese women generally have fewer night sweats compared to Latina women. Menopause tends to occur earlier in Latina and Black women than in white and Asian women. One of the cross-cultural-racial differences in menopausal symptoms that I learned about was that Chinese and Japanese women experience fewer night sweats and hot flashes compared to women of other cultures, while Caucasian women report more muscle aches and sleep difficulties. Choose one of Sternberg's types of love (for example, Infatuation) and describe a couple that exemplifies this type of love. Be sure to name the type of love that you are depicting and be very specific in explaining how the couple displays the various components. Gina and Joe are in a new relationship and can't seem to stay away from each other. They spend lots of time together and tend to engage in sexual activity frequently. When they are not with each other, they talk about the other individual constantly. This type of love would be infatuation. Answer the following essay question. Essays should be written clear, full sentences. In this module, you read an article by Jean Twenge on Generation Z (or iGen). Summarize in detail what the article said regarding smartphone use in this generation and increasing rates of depression and suicide. Then, discuss in detail your reaction to this information. Supplement your response with information on the extent to which the information on the relationship between smartphone use and depressed mood match what you have observed. Finally, indicate recommendations for helping these issues, based on what the article said. Do you agree that these will work? [TEACHERS NOTE] [3 points for summary of the information, which indicates that all screen activities are linked to less happiness while other types of experiences are linked to increased happiness. This connection appears to be causal. Extended screen time is linked to increased suicide prevalence. 2 points for a detailed and thoughtful response to this. 2 points for a detailed account on real life observations on this topic. 3 points for discussing recommendations—restrict technology, encourage more in-person social interaction—and a personal response on whether these would work.] iGen is often criticized for being overly attached to their phones, having grown up with constant access to devices, unlike millennials who encountered them in their adolescence. This constant screen time is linked to rising rates of depression and suicide among teens, as studies show more screen time correlates with higher depressive symptoms. Social media plays a major role in these issues, promoting comparison and online bullying. iGen's increased dependence on phones also leads to less independence and delayed milestones, such as getting a driver's license or finishing college. Despite being home more, they often remain disengaged from family, distracted by their phones. While phones aren't the sole cause, they hinder face-to-face socialization, which is vital for mental well-being. To combat this, parents are encouraged to engage kids in phone free activities, like family dinners or outdoor outings, to foster real-world connections and improve mental health. Establishing screen time boundaries early can also help, though it may not work for every child. Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Describe a profile of someone who, based on statistics, would have a divorce rate well below the 40-50% range [TEACHERS NOTE] Answers should include some of the following features: annual income over 50k, waiting to have a baby, not having divorced parents, being religious, education. 2 pts. Then, 2 pts for a detailed profile. Ideally for someone who would have a divorce rate below the 40-50% range would come from non-divorced parents. Typically they would have an education, make a decent steady income, sometimes being religious, and strive to have kids at least 6 months after marriage. There is plenty of intimacy and communication in their every day lives with their partners. annual income over 50k, waiting to have a baby, not having divorced parents, being religious, education Which of Sternberg's types of love only includes intimacy? Liking For the following couples, identify which of the following types of love best describes their relationship: Halley and Matthew are about to celebrate their 6-month anniversary. They have an elaborate celebration planned, since this anniversary coincides with Valentine's Day. They both have a strong connection to one another, but have not communicated any long-term plans to one another. A. consummate love B. fatuous C. liking D. romantic E. companionate D. Romantic Which of the following types of love is based on only one love component? Infatuation True or false? Women are more likely than men to experience a mid-life crisis. False For the following couples, identify which of the following types of love best describes their relationship: Amy and Max have been married for 5 years. They're still very much in love and make it a point to sit down and talk with each other every day, and go on romantic dates at least every other week. A. consummate love B. fatuous C. liking D. romantic E. companionate A. Consummate love True or false? The General Social Survey indicates that married couples tend to have sex at least once a week, average 58 times per year. True Which of Sternberg's components of love (intimacy, passion, commitment) has to do with emotional connectedness? A. intimacy B. passion C. commitment A. intimacy ____________ is the term for the end of menstruation and reproductive capacity. Menopause True or false? Middle adulthood is roughly between the ages of 40-60. True For which of the following sports would the physical peak typically come earlier: tennis, golfing, or baseball? Tennis Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Describe two types of physical declines that can occur as early as early adulthood, as learned in the module. [TEACHERS NOTE] Answers need to describe at least two of the following: maximum heart rate decreases, respiratory capacity decreases—especially when other high exertion, lens of eye stiffens and thickens, sound sensitivity to high frequencies decreases, fast twitch muscles decrease in size and amount. Coming of this age, adults have to not only learn but also accept that their body cannot do the same physical activities that they once could. There are ways around this by keeping active and healthy but as you age, your body ages too and that is inevitable. Physical declines in early adulthood can have a decrease in maximum heart rates, respiratory capacity gradually decreases, have a higher sensitivity to sound, and their muscles decline in size. Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Do middle-aged adults experience a mid-life crisis? Explain why or why not. [TEACHERS NOTE] Answer needs to include the following points: crisis is too strong a term, transition does occur, few adults experience full-blown crisis, there are usually contributing factors to the crisis besides age. They do not technically experience a mid-life crisis. They may think that their issues are greater than what they are but crisis is considered a harsh term. There are definitely certain changes at this period of life like questioning where you should be or what you should be doing at this age compared to your peers. Should you have had a kid already or why aren't you in a relationship to get married? Their bodies also may be changing, getting slower, gaining weight, having body pains/aches, and more. This is more of a midlife transition than crisis because its more common and normal to feel these feelings and think these thoughts. Although, there is a small percentage of people that do go through a crisis around this age but they are still reaching adulthood and have more time to figure out the kinks. Compared to prior generations, people in Gen Z are _______ to identify as gay A. more likely B. less likely C. about as likely A. more likely which of sternberg's types of love includes only commitment? A. consummate love B. liking C. companionate love D. empty love D. empty love Based on recent research, what percent of the US population identifies as gay, lesbian, or bisexual? A. 1% B. 7-8% C. 10-15% D. 20-35% B. 7-8% T/F: A couple's annual income has nothing to do with their likelihood of divorce False Who tends to peak earlier: sprinters or long-distance runners? sprinters T/F: One size fits all when it comes to menopausal symptoms False Who started the Seattle Longitudinal study in 1956 K. Warner Schaie the "sandwich generation" refers to middle-aged adults who: A. are between jobs B. are in the middle of family conflicts C. are obese D. are caregivers for both their children and their parents D. are caregivers for both their children and their parents Which of Sternberg's types of love is thought to be most complete A. fatuous love B. infatuation C. romantic love D. consummate love D. consummate love T/F: Women who experience early menopause are at lower risk for osteoporosis False what is meant by "launching" children? a child coming of age and leaving the family home Describe "intimacy" according to Sternberg emotional connectedness, involves warm communication Describe "passion" according to Sternberg biological closeness, sexual and romantic feelings what is the term used to describe this in-between period during which individuals leave adolescence but are not yet fully adults early adulthood sports requiring quick movements, speed, and heavy endurance peak at ______ younger ages sports that dont require quick movements, speed, and heavy endurance peak at ______ peak later T/F: The more education a woman has, the less likely she is to get a divorce True Sternberg said that at the beginning of a relationship, ______ is strong passion infatuation, fatuous, and romantic love might be more likely ______ in a relationship Early likely for passion to ______ somewhat over time. in the most lasting relationships decline it is ______ for another component of love to be present in the relationship beneficial _________ is likely after the relationship has been going on for some time. the love is warm, trusting, but without much passion companionate love couples in successful marriages generally report that they love each other _____ than they did earlier More the ______ of companionate love may look a little different than it did early in the relationship Form which of the following types of love is based on only one love component? infatuation which of Sternberg's types of love include all three love components? Consummate Love ____ can stimulate growth of the lining of the uterus, increasing the risk of endometrial cancer Estrogen ________ utilized the term "postformal thought" to describe adult thinking that is more relativistic, seeing shades of gray rather than simple dichotomies. Labouvie-Vief ________ is a key feature of maintaining one's cognitive functions in adulthood Education He is known for his work in adult cognitive development, specifically with college students. He worked a lot with the concept of "dualistic thinking" among college students, where everything is either black or white. William Perry what plays a role in menopausal symptoms? culture and genetics Which of Sternberg's types of love only includes intimacy? Liking Define Intimacy emotional connectedness, involves warm communication Define Passion biological closeness, sexual and romantic feelings Define Commitment Cognitive component, a decision to stay together For the following couples, identify which of the following types of love best describes their relationship: Consummate love, Fatuous, Liking, Romantic or Companionate....... Halley and Matt are about to celebrate their 6 month anniversary. They have an elaborate celebration planned, since this anniversary coincides with Valentine's day. They both have a strong connection to one another, but they haven't communicated any long term plans to one another. Romantic T/F: According to the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, 50% of male 17 year-olds report being sexually active? False; 30% For the following couples, Identify which of the following types of love best describes their relationship: Consummate love, Fatuous, liking, romantic, or Companionate...... Amy and Max have been married for 5 years. They're still very much in love and make it a point to sit down and talk with each other every day, and go on romantic dates at least every other week. Consummate love T/F: The General Social Survey indicates that married couples tend to have sex at least once a week, average 58 times per year. True _______ is the term for the end of reproductive capacity. Menopause _____ is the midlife transition during which fertility declines. This is the point women become unable to bear children and men become less fertile Climacteric T/F: Hot flashes during the climacteric period are inevitable for all women? False T/F: For most people, particularly if physical fitness is not maintained, a number of physical declines begin as early as early adulthood? True Give an overview of the types of physical changes that occur in early adulthood. Max HR gradually decreases, Respiratory capacity gradually decreases, Lens of the eye thickens and stiffens, Sensitivity to sound at high frequencies decreases and fast-twitch muscle decline in size and amount Identify common symptoms of menopause mood fluctuations, hot flashes, shrinking of reproductive organs, difficulties becoming sexually aroused, decreased skin elasticity, loss of bone mass and raised BP Why don't all women experience symptoms of menopause? A women's experience of menopause depends on many factors such as diet, race, culture, genetics and environment Describe William Perry's 3 stages of Postformal thought. Be specific. 1. Dualistic thinking (Black vs White) 2. Multiple thinking (different points to consider but is hard to reconcile the various perspectives) 3. Commitment within relativism ( Many viewpoints but i can reflect on and decide what i believe regarding these perspectives) Describe a profile on someone who, based on statistics, would have a divorce rate well below 40-50% range. Couples who have an annual income over 50K, Not having divorced parents, are religious, waiting to have a child after 7 months of marriage and are educated. What are the pros and cons of hormone therapy? PROS: Most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms, protection against osteoporosis, may promote a greater quality of life and improve psychological well being. CONS: Increased risk of heart disease, Stroke, blood clots and breast cancer. Also at an increased risk for mood instability, anxiety and insomnia during the weening off of the medication or after ending the hormone therapy What are the 2 types of hormone therapy? systemic hormone therapy and Low-dose vaginal products systemic hormone therapy contains a higher dose of estrogen that is absorbed throughout the body. Used to treat common symptoms of menopause Low-dose vaginal products Minimizes the amount of estrogen absorbed by the body. Only used to treat vaginal and urinary symptoms of menopause What type of individuals experience a "full blown midlife crisis" Only a small portion of adults (typically men) experience a "full blown crisis". These individuals tend to be people who felt in early adulthood were prevented from fulfilling personal goals (perhaps due to finances or family pressures) T/F: Experiencing a Midlife crisis is normal? False Define "Launching" This refers to a child coming of age and leaving the family home What is the "sandwich generation"? Middle aged individuals who find themselves in the middle between complete direct parenting responsibilities and caring for their own parents What are the symptoms and treatments for caregiver strain? Symptoms: anxiety and depression Treatments: support groups, counseling, and taking a break from the caregiver role What are the cognitive improvements that were observed in middle aged individuals during the Seattle Longitudinal Study? -Verbal abilities -Spatial reasoning -Simple math -Abstract reasoning Which of Sternberg's types of love includes only passion? infatuation For the following couples, identify which of the following types of love best describes their relationship: Consummate love, Fatuous, Liking, Romantic, Companionate. Alex and Quinn just met and immediately felt a close emotional connection with one another. They love getting together to talk and have communicated their feelings of closeness to one another. Liking For the following couples, identify which of the following types of love best describes their relationship: Consummate love, Fatuous, Liking, Romantic, Companionate. Milly and Harry are crazy about each other. Although they've only known each other for six weeks, they've decided to drive to Las Vegas and get married. Throughout the brief ceremony, they can't keep their hands off each other. Fatuous True or false? According to the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, 50% of male 17-year olds report being sexually active. False For the following couples, identify which of the following types of love best describes their relationship: Consummate love, Fatuous, Liking, Romantic, Companionate. Bill and Mary have been married for 30 years and are comfortable with each other. They rarely go on romantic outings, and rarely have sex. However, they enjoy simply spending time together. Companionate True or false? Hot flashes during the climacteric period are inevitable for all women. False Hormone replacement therapy to treat menopausal symptoms involves receiving daily doses of estrogen and ______________. progesterone True or false? For most people, particularly if physical fitness is not maintained, a number of physical declines begin as early as early adulthood. True Describe William Perry's three stages of postformal thought. Be specific. Young adult move from dualistic thinking like the thing is right or wrong, to multiple thinking, there are different viewpoints to consider, but it is hard to reconcile the various perspectives to commitment within relativism, there are multiple viewpoints, but only can commit one's own. What are two recommendations from experts for reducing the risk of problems from hormone replacement therapy? -trial and error for best product delivery method -take lowest effective dose -follow-up care -healthy lifestyle Describe a family exemplifying the "Sandwich generation." The term of sandwich generation used to describe how middle-aged adults are literally in the middle between children and elderly parents. Middle aged adults have responsibilities caring both of the other age groups. He supports his view by saying that "50% of marriages end in divorce." How could you update his interpretation? In your answer to your friend, be sure a) to correctly interpret the "50%" figure and explain in detail multiple factors affect the likelihood of divorce. Then, describe in detail your own response to the information that you learned about the divorce rate. Did this information surprise you? Why or why not? The saying that "50% of all marriages ends in divorce" is an unupdated statistic from the 1970s. This number reflects a prediction of the % of current married couples likely to divorce. Several factors have a positive effect on marriage, decreasing the chance of divorce, including: having an income over 50k, being religious, attending college at all, growing up in an inta