NURS 5315- Test 3 LATEST
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
It increases the amount of blood put into the left ventricle and represents about 20% of the
cardiac output
Cardiac output - correct answer -The amount of blood pushed from the left ventricle in 1
minute
-Calculated by multiplying the heart rate in beats per minute by the stroke volume
Normal cardiac output - correct answer 5L/minute
Stroke volume - correct answer -The amount of blood ejected by the ventricle for each cardiac
cycle (heart beat)
-Highly dependent on the force of the contraction
Contraction - correct answer This is dependent on the amount of preload which stretches the
left ventricle, the stimulation of endogenous positive inotropic agent (epi and norepi), the
presence of negative inotropic agents (meds and cytokines), and the adequacy myocardial
oxygenation
A saturation of less than ______% results in a decrease in myocardial contraction - correct
answer 50
,Ejection fraction - correct answer -The percentage of blood which is ejected from the ventricle
with each contraction
-It is calculated by dividing the stroke volume by the end diastolic volume
-Normal range is 55-65%
-This value is used to measure cardiac function
Preload - correct answer -The combination of the end diastolic volume and end diastolic
pressure
-Dependent on the amount of venous return to the heart and amount of blood left in the left
ventricle at the end of systole
Heart failure - correct answer May occur as a result of an increased preload, which causes a
decline in the stroke volume and a back-up into the pulmonary circulation
Afterload - correct answer -The resistance that the ventricle pushes against to contract
-Includes aortic pressure and systemic vascular resistance
-This increases the work of the ventricle and results in hypertrophy
Arterial blood pressure - correct answer This is the cardiac output multiplied by peripheral
resistance
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) - correct answer The average pressure in the arteries during the
cardiac cycle
-Dependent on the elisticity of the arterial wall stiffness and stroke volume
-Normal is 70-100 mmHg
Pulse pressure - correct answer The difference between SBP and DBP and is directly related to
arterial wall stiffness and stroke volume
, Contraction - correct answer The degree of tension (aka preload) of the left ventricle and the
amount of intracellular calcium are responsible for ______.
Decrease - correct answer Myocardial relaxation occurs when intracellular calcium levels
_________.
Diltiazem and Verapamil - correct answer These two drugs are non-dihydropyridine calcium
channel blockers and they inhibit the influx of calcium into the myocardium. They decrease
intracellular calcium concentration which in turn decreases myocardial tension and contractility.
*Should be avoided in patient's with systolic heart failure
*Decrease contractility
Catecholamines - correct answer These increase the activity of the calcium pump in the
sarcoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, it increases the release of calcium from sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
*Increase contraction
Digitalis - correct answer Blocks the Na+/K+ pump which increases intracellular Na+, decreases
activity of the Na+/Ca+2 exchanger and increases intracellular Ca+2
*Increase contraction
Beta Blockers - correct answer These meds block the effects of the catecholamines (which
increase the activity of the calcium pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which increases release
of calcium)
*Increase contraction
SA node - correct answer Electrical impulses are usually generated from this which are located
in the right atrium
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100%
GUARANTEED PASS
It increases the amount of blood put into the left ventricle and represents about 20% of the
cardiac output
Cardiac output - correct answer -The amount of blood pushed from the left ventricle in 1
minute
-Calculated by multiplying the heart rate in beats per minute by the stroke volume
Normal cardiac output - correct answer 5L/minute
Stroke volume - correct answer -The amount of blood ejected by the ventricle for each cardiac
cycle (heart beat)
-Highly dependent on the force of the contraction
Contraction - correct answer This is dependent on the amount of preload which stretches the
left ventricle, the stimulation of endogenous positive inotropic agent (epi and norepi), the
presence of negative inotropic agents (meds and cytokines), and the adequacy myocardial
oxygenation
A saturation of less than ______% results in a decrease in myocardial contraction - correct
answer 50
,Ejection fraction - correct answer -The percentage of blood which is ejected from the ventricle
with each contraction
-It is calculated by dividing the stroke volume by the end diastolic volume
-Normal range is 55-65%
-This value is used to measure cardiac function
Preload - correct answer -The combination of the end diastolic volume and end diastolic
pressure
-Dependent on the amount of venous return to the heart and amount of blood left in the left
ventricle at the end of systole
Heart failure - correct answer May occur as a result of an increased preload, which causes a
decline in the stroke volume and a back-up into the pulmonary circulation
Afterload - correct answer -The resistance that the ventricle pushes against to contract
-Includes aortic pressure and systemic vascular resistance
-This increases the work of the ventricle and results in hypertrophy
Arterial blood pressure - correct answer This is the cardiac output multiplied by peripheral
resistance
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) - correct answer The average pressure in the arteries during the
cardiac cycle
-Dependent on the elisticity of the arterial wall stiffness and stroke volume
-Normal is 70-100 mmHg
Pulse pressure - correct answer The difference between SBP and DBP and is directly related to
arterial wall stiffness and stroke volume
, Contraction - correct answer The degree of tension (aka preload) of the left ventricle and the
amount of intracellular calcium are responsible for ______.
Decrease - correct answer Myocardial relaxation occurs when intracellular calcium levels
_________.
Diltiazem and Verapamil - correct answer These two drugs are non-dihydropyridine calcium
channel blockers and they inhibit the influx of calcium into the myocardium. They decrease
intracellular calcium concentration which in turn decreases myocardial tension and contractility.
*Should be avoided in patient's with systolic heart failure
*Decrease contractility
Catecholamines - correct answer These increase the activity of the calcium pump in the
sarcoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, it increases the release of calcium from sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
*Increase contraction
Digitalis - correct answer Blocks the Na+/K+ pump which increases intracellular Na+, decreases
activity of the Na+/Ca+2 exchanger and increases intracellular Ca+2
*Increase contraction
Beta Blockers - correct answer These meds block the effects of the catecholamines (which
increase the activity of the calcium pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which increases release
of calcium)
*Increase contraction
SA node - correct answer Electrical impulses are usually generated from this which are located
in the right atrium
