Anatomy of the digestive system
4 major sections- Alimentary canal, salivary glands, biliary tract and
pancreas
Main functions include continuous supply of water, electrolytes, nutrients and
removal of waste product.
- Oral cavity
1. Oral orifice- anterior opening of mouth
2. Oral vestibule- space between gums and inner cheeks
3. Oral cavity proper- area of tongue and teeth
These parts start digestion process along with salivary gland
The roof of the oral cavity is an anterior hard palate and a posterior
soft palate
The soft palate acts as a flutter valve that can ELEVATE to close and
seal off the nasopharynx from oropharynx and DEPRESS to close
oropharynx and seal off oral cavity
The tongue- it’s a skeletal muscle covered in mucous membrane,
innervated by hypoglossal nerve, function is to direct food into
oropharynx during deglutition
It also has functions for taste which is caused by mucosal
elevations/papillae, parts called filiform papillae have no taste buds.
The terminal sulcus divides tongue into anterior, 2/3rd of which is
innervated by trigeminal nerve and posterior, 1/3rd of which is
innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve which takes care of pain
temperature and touch.
Salivary glands
1. Parotid gland located near the ear is the largest gland, innervated
by glossopharyngeal nerve
2. Submandibular gland located at the border of the mandible
produces mixed mucoserous secretion
3. Sublingual gland is the smallest and deepest gland located in the
floor of the mouth
, - Pharynx
It is a musculofascial half cylinder, cavities link to larynx and
esophagus, common pathway for air and food, attached to skull base.
3 areas-
1. Nasopharynx- attached to nasal cavity through CHOANAE.
2. Oropharynx anteriorly opened into oral cavity.
3. Laryngopharynx- anteriorly attached to larynx through superior
aperture of larynx called laryngeal inlet.
- GIT based on embryological origins.
3 main areas-
1. Foregut- starts from esophagus end
2. Midgut- begins below major duodenal papilla.
3. Hindgut- begins before colic flexure, ends midway through anal
canal.
Organization of Gastrointestinal tract- 3 tissue layers, inner most being
mucosa, then submucosa, then muscularis externa and serosa.
Lecture 1 and 2 skipped.
4 major sections- Alimentary canal, salivary glands, biliary tract and
pancreas
Main functions include continuous supply of water, electrolytes, nutrients and
removal of waste product.
- Oral cavity
1. Oral orifice- anterior opening of mouth
2. Oral vestibule- space between gums and inner cheeks
3. Oral cavity proper- area of tongue and teeth
These parts start digestion process along with salivary gland
The roof of the oral cavity is an anterior hard palate and a posterior
soft palate
The soft palate acts as a flutter valve that can ELEVATE to close and
seal off the nasopharynx from oropharynx and DEPRESS to close
oropharynx and seal off oral cavity
The tongue- it’s a skeletal muscle covered in mucous membrane,
innervated by hypoglossal nerve, function is to direct food into
oropharynx during deglutition
It also has functions for taste which is caused by mucosal
elevations/papillae, parts called filiform papillae have no taste buds.
The terminal sulcus divides tongue into anterior, 2/3rd of which is
innervated by trigeminal nerve and posterior, 1/3rd of which is
innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve which takes care of pain
temperature and touch.
Salivary glands
1. Parotid gland located near the ear is the largest gland, innervated
by glossopharyngeal nerve
2. Submandibular gland located at the border of the mandible
produces mixed mucoserous secretion
3. Sublingual gland is the smallest and deepest gland located in the
floor of the mouth
, - Pharynx
It is a musculofascial half cylinder, cavities link to larynx and
esophagus, common pathway for air and food, attached to skull base.
3 areas-
1. Nasopharynx- attached to nasal cavity through CHOANAE.
2. Oropharynx anteriorly opened into oral cavity.
3. Laryngopharynx- anteriorly attached to larynx through superior
aperture of larynx called laryngeal inlet.
- GIT based on embryological origins.
3 main areas-
1. Foregut- starts from esophagus end
2. Midgut- begins below major duodenal papilla.
3. Hindgut- begins before colic flexure, ends midway through anal
canal.
Organization of Gastrointestinal tract- 3 tissue layers, inner most being
mucosa, then submucosa, then muscularis externa and serosa.
Lecture 1 and 2 skipped.
