Positive, Probable & Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy, Naegele’s Rule &
Estimated Due Date (EDD/EDC/EDB) Calculation, Gravida–Para–GTPAL
Classification, Fetal Viability & Gestational Age Assessment, Maternal
Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy, Cultural Perspectives in Pregnancy (Muslim,
Mormon, Orthodox Jewish, Roman Catholic), Supine Hypotensive Syndrome &
Vena Cava Compression, Early Pregnancy Discomforts Management (Nausea,
Vomiting, Morning Sickness, Back Pain), Maternal Nutrition in Pregnancy (Iron,
Calcium, Folic Acid, Vitamin C Absorption), Iron Deficiency Anemia Treatment,
Neural Tube Defect Prevention, Prenatal Weight Gain Guidelines by Trimester,
Progesterone Role in Pregnancy Maintenance & Preterm Labor Prevention, Fetal
Movement (Quickening) & Prenatal Development Milestones, Electronic Fetal
Monitoring Interpretation, Late Decelerations & Uteroplacental Insufficiency
Management, Oxygen Therapy in Fetal Distress, Pitocin Infusion Safety & Labor
Monitoring, Non-Stress Test (NST) & Acoustic Vibration Stimulation, Biophysical
Profile Interpretation (Fetal Tone, Breathing Movements, Amniotic Fluid
Volume) Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded
Rationales Latest Updated 2026
What are positive signs of pregnancy?
Fetal movement, audio, and visualization
What are probable signs of pregnancy?
Hegar's and Goodell's signs, pregnancy test
,What are presumptive signs of pregnancy?
Amenorrhea, nausea, and vomiting
What are the different ways to refer to a women's due date?
EDC: estimated date of confinement
EDD: estimated due date
EDB: estimated date of birth
How do you utilize Nagele's rule to estimate a women's due date?
The nurse would assess the client's last menstrual period by subtracting 3 months and adding 7
days to the stated LMP date.
*Example: LMP = 11/21 (November is the 11th month), so 11-3 months = 8 (I.e., due date is
August). Now take the first day of the LMP and subtract 7 days (21 + 7 = 28th day). 8/28 is the
EDD.
Gravida
The number of times a woman has been pregnant
Primigravida
, One pregnancy
Nulligravida
No pregnancies
Multigravida
Multigravida
Primipara
One birth
Nullipara
No births
Multipara
Multiple births
What is GTPAL?
G: # of pregnancies
T: # of term births (> 38 weeks)