NURS 211 Exam 5 Study Set With
Complete Solutions
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - ANSWER excision of benign
prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra
-special catheter delivers microwave energy to prostate
causes high temperatures within the prostate without affecting adjacent
structures
heat kills prostate cells, so becomes smaller
90% of all surgeries for BPH
high-frequency electrical loop cuts tissue and seals blood vessels
Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI) 1-3 days
Define and describe the concept of Safety - ANSWER The prevention of errors
and adverse effects to patients associated to healthcare. It aims to prevent risk
of errors or harm to patients during healthcare stay. For example, morse fall
scale being done to determine the patients fall risk or a Braden scale to
determine the risk for pressure injuries.
Discuss the four types of errors that compromise patient safety. - ANSWER
Diagnostic Errors: are result of a delay diagnosis, failure to employ indicated
tests, use of outmoded tests, or failure to act on results of monitoring or testing
Treatment Errors: occur in the performance of an operation, procedure, or test,
in the administration of a treatment, in the dose or method of administering a
drug.
Preventive Errors: occur when there are failures to provide any of the following:
prophylactic treatment or in responding to an abnormal test result.
Communication Error: are another group of errors that occur from failure of
communication
Differentiate between active and latent health care errors. - ANSWER Active
Errors: are made by those providers who are providing patient care, responding
to patient needs at the sharp end.
Latent Errors: more organizational, contextual, and diffuse nature or design
related are called errors occurring at the blunt end. A latent failure is a flaw in a
system that does not immediately lead to an accident, but establishes a situation
which triggers an event which can lead to error.
,Explain the characteristics of a culture of safety. - ANSWER Historically, a
culture of blame has existed; identify the clinical at fault, followed by disciplinary
measures. A health care system's value is in reporting errors without
punishment.
"Just culture" seeks to find a balance between the need to learn from mistakes
and the need for disciplinary action against employees.
Discuss the 3 attributes nurses need to possess in order to contribute to safety
in health care. - ANSWER Knowledge
◦Focus of safety is on the execution of skills, as well as on technology and
systems level.
Skills
◦Nurses need to use tools to contribute to safer systems.
Attitudes
◦Nurses and other health care professionals need to value their roles in safety
and collaboration.
Define and describe "Just Culture" and the concept of transparency in health
care. - ANSWER "Just culture" seeks to find a balance between the need to
learn from mistakes and the need for disciplinary action against employees.
Discuss the value of error reporting. - ANSWER Adverse events can only be
addressed if reported
Error reporting is essential to error PREVENTION
Reluctance to report:
◦Fear of punishment
◦Embarrassment
◦Underestimate impact of error
Just Culture is evidence based approach to promote error reporting
Recognize the value of engaging patients and families in the process of
improving safety. - ANSWER -Participation in diagnosis
-Shared decision making
-Following the treatment plan
-Another pair of eyes
-Satisfaction with outcomes
-Caregivers and patients on the same team
Explain each of the six attributes of health care quality identified by the Institute
of Medicine. - ANSWER -Safe
-Effective
-Timely
-Patient-Centered Care
-Efficient
-Equitable
, Explain the purpose of the Joint Commission. - ANSWER the purpose of the joint
commission is to continuously improve the safety and quality of care provided to
the public through the provision of health care accreditation and related
services that support performance improvement in health care organizations
Describe the process of root cause analysis. - ANSWER Formal process:
◦Define errors.
◦Identify risks.
◦Develop and test prevention strategies.
◦Implement and adopt strategies.
The 5 Why's:
-Why did this happen?
-Why is that?
-Why is that?
-Why is that?
-Why is that?
Failure Mode Effective Analysis
American Association of Critical Care Nurses Synergy Model
Leapfrog Group
Computer Physician Order Entry
Institute of Medicine (IOM) - ANSWER Non-governmental, independent, and
nonprofit organization that provides unbiased, expert advice to governmental
and private decision-makers, as well as the public.
National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF) - ANSWER An organization that aims
to improve safety in health care.
Quality and Safety for Nurses (QSEN) - ANSWER Project that addresses the
challenge of preparing future nurses with the knowledge, skills and attitudes
(KSAs) necessary to continuously improve the quality and safety of healthcare
systems within which they work
Active Errors - ANSWER human errors at the point of operation
Latent Errors - ANSWER More organizational, contextual, and diffuse in nature
or design-related—are called errors occurring at the "blunt end."
Culture of Safety - ANSWER organizational environment where "core values and
behaviors resulting from a collective and sustained commitment by
organizational leadership, management, and workers emphasize safety over
competing goals"
Transparency in Health Care - ANSWER -Available information: systems
performance on safety, evidence-based practice, patient satisfaction
-Open communication with patients and family
Complete Solutions
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) - ANSWER excision of benign
prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra
-special catheter delivers microwave energy to prostate
causes high temperatures within the prostate without affecting adjacent
structures
heat kills prostate cells, so becomes smaller
90% of all surgeries for BPH
high-frequency electrical loop cuts tissue and seals blood vessels
Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI) 1-3 days
Define and describe the concept of Safety - ANSWER The prevention of errors
and adverse effects to patients associated to healthcare. It aims to prevent risk
of errors or harm to patients during healthcare stay. For example, morse fall
scale being done to determine the patients fall risk or a Braden scale to
determine the risk for pressure injuries.
Discuss the four types of errors that compromise patient safety. - ANSWER
Diagnostic Errors: are result of a delay diagnosis, failure to employ indicated
tests, use of outmoded tests, or failure to act on results of monitoring or testing
Treatment Errors: occur in the performance of an operation, procedure, or test,
in the administration of a treatment, in the dose or method of administering a
drug.
Preventive Errors: occur when there are failures to provide any of the following:
prophylactic treatment or in responding to an abnormal test result.
Communication Error: are another group of errors that occur from failure of
communication
Differentiate between active and latent health care errors. - ANSWER Active
Errors: are made by those providers who are providing patient care, responding
to patient needs at the sharp end.
Latent Errors: more organizational, contextual, and diffuse nature or design
related are called errors occurring at the blunt end. A latent failure is a flaw in a
system that does not immediately lead to an accident, but establishes a situation
which triggers an event which can lead to error.
,Explain the characteristics of a culture of safety. - ANSWER Historically, a
culture of blame has existed; identify the clinical at fault, followed by disciplinary
measures. A health care system's value is in reporting errors without
punishment.
"Just culture" seeks to find a balance between the need to learn from mistakes
and the need for disciplinary action against employees.
Discuss the 3 attributes nurses need to possess in order to contribute to safety
in health care. - ANSWER Knowledge
◦Focus of safety is on the execution of skills, as well as on technology and
systems level.
Skills
◦Nurses need to use tools to contribute to safer systems.
Attitudes
◦Nurses and other health care professionals need to value their roles in safety
and collaboration.
Define and describe "Just Culture" and the concept of transparency in health
care. - ANSWER "Just culture" seeks to find a balance between the need to
learn from mistakes and the need for disciplinary action against employees.
Discuss the value of error reporting. - ANSWER Adverse events can only be
addressed if reported
Error reporting is essential to error PREVENTION
Reluctance to report:
◦Fear of punishment
◦Embarrassment
◦Underestimate impact of error
Just Culture is evidence based approach to promote error reporting
Recognize the value of engaging patients and families in the process of
improving safety. - ANSWER -Participation in diagnosis
-Shared decision making
-Following the treatment plan
-Another pair of eyes
-Satisfaction with outcomes
-Caregivers and patients on the same team
Explain each of the six attributes of health care quality identified by the Institute
of Medicine. - ANSWER -Safe
-Effective
-Timely
-Patient-Centered Care
-Efficient
-Equitable
, Explain the purpose of the Joint Commission. - ANSWER the purpose of the joint
commission is to continuously improve the safety and quality of care provided to
the public through the provision of health care accreditation and related
services that support performance improvement in health care organizations
Describe the process of root cause analysis. - ANSWER Formal process:
◦Define errors.
◦Identify risks.
◦Develop and test prevention strategies.
◦Implement and adopt strategies.
The 5 Why's:
-Why did this happen?
-Why is that?
-Why is that?
-Why is that?
-Why is that?
Failure Mode Effective Analysis
American Association of Critical Care Nurses Synergy Model
Leapfrog Group
Computer Physician Order Entry
Institute of Medicine (IOM) - ANSWER Non-governmental, independent, and
nonprofit organization that provides unbiased, expert advice to governmental
and private decision-makers, as well as the public.
National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF) - ANSWER An organization that aims
to improve safety in health care.
Quality and Safety for Nurses (QSEN) - ANSWER Project that addresses the
challenge of preparing future nurses with the knowledge, skills and attitudes
(KSAs) necessary to continuously improve the quality and safety of healthcare
systems within which they work
Active Errors - ANSWER human errors at the point of operation
Latent Errors - ANSWER More organizational, contextual, and diffuse in nature
or design-related—are called errors occurring at the "blunt end."
Culture of Safety - ANSWER organizational environment where "core values and
behaviors resulting from a collective and sustained commitment by
organizational leadership, management, and workers emphasize safety over
competing goals"
Transparency in Health Care - ANSWER -Available information: systems
performance on safety, evidence-based practice, patient satisfaction
-Open communication with patients and family
