MBI 131 EXAM 2 (STRAUTMAN) | QUESTIONS AND
100% CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |
LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+
1. What is the primary function of enzymes in biological reactions?
A. Increase the temperature of reactions
B. Act as catalysts to speed up reactions
C. Destroy substrates
D. Produce energy directly
Answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being
consumed.
2. Which molecule stores genetic information in most organisms?
A. RNA
B. Protein
C. DNA
D. Lipid
Answer: C
Rationale: DNA contains the hereditary information necessary for growth, development, and
reproduction.
3. Which structure controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cell membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosome
Answer: B
Rationale: The cell membrane is selectively permeable and regulates material exchange.
4. What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
A. Ionic bond
B. Hydrogen bond
C. Covalent bond
D. Peptide bond
Answer: C
Rationale: Covalent bonds occur when atoms share electron pairs.
5. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
,A. Ribosome
B. Lysosome
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Vacuole
Answer: A
Rationale: Ribosomes read mRNA and assemble amino acids into proteins.
6. Which process moves water across a semipermeable membrane?
A. Diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Osmosis
D. Endocytosis
Answer: C
Rationale: Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable
membrane.
7. What is the main energy currency of the cell?
A. ADP
B. NADH
C. ATP
D. FAD
Answer: C
Rationale: ATP stores and transfers energy used in cellular processes.
8. Which macromolecule is composed of amino acids?
A. Lipids
B. Carbohydrates
C. Nucleic acids
D. Proteins
Answer: D
Rationale: Proteins are polymers made from amino acid monomers.
9. Which cellular process produces two identical daughter cells?
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Binary fission
D. Cytokinesis
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells.
10. The phase of mitosis where chromosomes align at the center is:
,A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: B
Rationale: During metaphase, chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate.
11. Which organelle modifies and packages proteins?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Mitochondria
C. Ribosome
D. Lysosome
Answer: A
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins for transport.
12. The breakdown of glucose to produce ATP is known as:
A. Photosynthesis
B. Cellular respiration
C. Fermentation
D. Glycolysis
Answer: B
Rationale: Cellular respiration converts glucose into ATP energy.
13. Which molecule carries amino acids during protein synthesis?
A. rRNA
B. mRNA
C. tRNA
D. DNA
Answer: C
Rationale: Transfer RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.
14. What type of transport requires energy?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
Answer: D
Rationale: Active transport uses ATP to move substances against a concentration gradient.
15. The process by which cells engulf particles is:
, A. Exocytosis
B. Endocytosis
C. Diffusion
D. Filtration
Answer: B
Rationale: Endocytosis allows cells to take in materials via vesicles.
16. Which structure contains digestive enzymes?
A. Lysosome
B. Ribosome
C. Chloroplast
D. Cytoskeleton
Answer: A
Rationale: Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste and cellular debris.
17. What is the main function of mitochondria?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Energy production
C. DNA replication
D. Lipid storage
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.
18. Which molecule is the monomer of nucleic acids?
A. Amino acid
B. Nucleotide
C. Monosaccharide
D. Fatty acid
Answer: B
Rationale: Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
19. Which stage of mitosis separates sister chromatids?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C
Rationale: During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart.
20. The fluid inside the cell is called:
100% CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |
LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+
1. What is the primary function of enzymes in biological reactions?
A. Increase the temperature of reactions
B. Act as catalysts to speed up reactions
C. Destroy substrates
D. Produce energy directly
Answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being
consumed.
2. Which molecule stores genetic information in most organisms?
A. RNA
B. Protein
C. DNA
D. Lipid
Answer: C
Rationale: DNA contains the hereditary information necessary for growth, development, and
reproduction.
3. Which structure controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Cell membrane
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosome
Answer: B
Rationale: The cell membrane is selectively permeable and regulates material exchange.
4. What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
A. Ionic bond
B. Hydrogen bond
C. Covalent bond
D. Peptide bond
Answer: C
Rationale: Covalent bonds occur when atoms share electron pairs.
5. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
,A. Ribosome
B. Lysosome
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Vacuole
Answer: A
Rationale: Ribosomes read mRNA and assemble amino acids into proteins.
6. Which process moves water across a semipermeable membrane?
A. Diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Osmosis
D. Endocytosis
Answer: C
Rationale: Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable
membrane.
7. What is the main energy currency of the cell?
A. ADP
B. NADH
C. ATP
D. FAD
Answer: C
Rationale: ATP stores and transfers energy used in cellular processes.
8. Which macromolecule is composed of amino acids?
A. Lipids
B. Carbohydrates
C. Nucleic acids
D. Proteins
Answer: D
Rationale: Proteins are polymers made from amino acid monomers.
9. Which cellular process produces two identical daughter cells?
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
C. Binary fission
D. Cytokinesis
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells.
10. The phase of mitosis where chromosomes align at the center is:
,A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: B
Rationale: During metaphase, chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate.
11. Which organelle modifies and packages proteins?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Mitochondria
C. Ribosome
D. Lysosome
Answer: A
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins for transport.
12. The breakdown of glucose to produce ATP is known as:
A. Photosynthesis
B. Cellular respiration
C. Fermentation
D. Glycolysis
Answer: B
Rationale: Cellular respiration converts glucose into ATP energy.
13. Which molecule carries amino acids during protein synthesis?
A. rRNA
B. mRNA
C. tRNA
D. DNA
Answer: C
Rationale: Transfer RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.
14. What type of transport requires energy?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport
Answer: D
Rationale: Active transport uses ATP to move substances against a concentration gradient.
15. The process by which cells engulf particles is:
, A. Exocytosis
B. Endocytosis
C. Diffusion
D. Filtration
Answer: B
Rationale: Endocytosis allows cells to take in materials via vesicles.
16. Which structure contains digestive enzymes?
A. Lysosome
B. Ribosome
C. Chloroplast
D. Cytoskeleton
Answer: A
Rationale: Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste and cellular debris.
17. What is the main function of mitochondria?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Energy production
C. DNA replication
D. Lipid storage
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.
18. Which molecule is the monomer of nucleic acids?
A. Amino acid
B. Nucleotide
C. Monosaccharide
D. Fatty acid
Answer: B
Rationale: Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
19. Which stage of mitosis separates sister chromatids?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C
Rationale: During anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart.
20. The fluid inside the cell is called:
