1|Page
,2|Page
Talib’s Manual of
Internal Medicine and
Clinical Practice
Dr. Hafiz Haseeb Talib, MBBS (AMC),
RMP
First Edition — 2025
,3|Page
, 4|Page
Chapter 4 — Cardiology....................................................................... 10
🫀 4.0 INTRODUCTION TO CARDIOLOGY................................................10
🫀 CARDIOVASCULAR HISTORY TAKING................................................11
CARDIOVASCULAR EXAMINATION........................................................12
CARDIOLOGY RED FLAGS (Immediate Emergency).................................13
4.1 — HEART FAILURE (HF)..................................................................14
Classification of Heart Failure.............................................................14
Etiology — Mnemonic “HEART FAILS”...................................................15
Pathophysiology................................................................................. 15
Clinical Features................................................................................. 16
Red Flags (Life-Threatening)...............................................................16
Differential Diagnosis.........................................................................17
Investigations.................................................................................... 17
Algorithm — Diagnostic Approach to HF...............................................18
Management...................................................................................... 18
Non-Pharmacologic / Device Therapy...................................................19
Clinical Scenario................................................................................. 19
Sample Prescription...........................................................................20
Summary Box — Quick Revision...........................................................20
Clinical Pearls....................................................................................21
1 — FLOWCHARTS............................................................................... 21
2 — HIGH-YIELD FLASHCARDS (Rapid Revision)....................................23
3 — (Highly Exam-Oriented)................................................................24
CLINICAL SCENARIOS — HEART FAILURE...............................................28
Scenario 1 — Acute Pulmonary Edema (Emergency)..............................28
Scenario 2 — Heart Failure with Reduced EF (Chronic)..........................29
Scenario 3 — HFpEF (Diastolic Failure).................................................30
Scenario 4 — Right-Sided Heart Failure (Cor Pulmonale).......................31
Scenario 5 — Heart Failure Triggered by Arrhythmia.............................32
Scenario 6 — Cardio renal Syndrome...................................................33
Scenario 7 — Acute HF with Myocardial Infarction................................34
Scenario 8 — HF in Dilated Cardiomyopathy.........................................34
,2|Page
Talib’s Manual of
Internal Medicine and
Clinical Practice
Dr. Hafiz Haseeb Talib, MBBS (AMC),
RMP
First Edition — 2025
,3|Page
, 4|Page
Chapter 4 — Cardiology....................................................................... 10
🫀 4.0 INTRODUCTION TO CARDIOLOGY................................................10
🫀 CARDIOVASCULAR HISTORY TAKING................................................11
CARDIOVASCULAR EXAMINATION........................................................12
CARDIOLOGY RED FLAGS (Immediate Emergency).................................13
4.1 — HEART FAILURE (HF)..................................................................14
Classification of Heart Failure.............................................................14
Etiology — Mnemonic “HEART FAILS”...................................................15
Pathophysiology................................................................................. 15
Clinical Features................................................................................. 16
Red Flags (Life-Threatening)...............................................................16
Differential Diagnosis.........................................................................17
Investigations.................................................................................... 17
Algorithm — Diagnostic Approach to HF...............................................18
Management...................................................................................... 18
Non-Pharmacologic / Device Therapy...................................................19
Clinical Scenario................................................................................. 19
Sample Prescription...........................................................................20
Summary Box — Quick Revision...........................................................20
Clinical Pearls....................................................................................21
1 — FLOWCHARTS............................................................................... 21
2 — HIGH-YIELD FLASHCARDS (Rapid Revision)....................................23
3 — (Highly Exam-Oriented)................................................................24
CLINICAL SCENARIOS — HEART FAILURE...............................................28
Scenario 1 — Acute Pulmonary Edema (Emergency)..............................28
Scenario 2 — Heart Failure with Reduced EF (Chronic)..........................29
Scenario 3 — HFpEF (Diastolic Failure).................................................30
Scenario 4 — Right-Sided Heart Failure (Cor Pulmonale).......................31
Scenario 5 — Heart Failure Triggered by Arrhythmia.............................32
Scenario 6 — Cardio renal Syndrome...................................................33
Scenario 7 — Acute HF with Myocardial Infarction................................34
Scenario 8 — HF in Dilated Cardiomyopathy.........................................34
