Bio 1407 Summer 2 Lamar University
Test Exam 1
life cycles - ✔️✔️the series of developmental stages and reproductive events that
occur in each generation and produce the next
sexual reproduction in all eukaryotes - ✔️✔️Involves fertilization as well as meiotic cell
division, which reduces the chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (1n)
gametophyte generation - ✔️✔️the haploid part of a plant life cycle
sporophyte generation - ✔️✔️the diploid part of a plant life cycle
the Pollen - ✔️✔️is the male gametophyte and it is produced within the male structures
of the sporophyte plant
pollen grain - ✔️✔️the sperm are produced within the...which is transported great
distances between individual plants
plants - ✔️✔️primary producers, define "specific ecosystems", a lll have adaptive
responses/ interations; have a fixed location which can be problematic
Cells --> - ✔️✔️Tissues --> Organs
roots, stems, and leaves - ✔️✔️the basic organs of plants are
root system - ✔️✔️subterranean; below the ground; anchors the plant and absorbs
water and minerals from the soil. May also store food as starch
shoot system - ✔️✔️above the ground; aerial; composed of stems, leaves, and flowers;
photosynthesis; reproduction
stems - ✔️✔️contain nodes, internodes, axillary buds, and terminal buds
nodes - ✔️✔️point of leaf attachment
internodes - ✔️✔️segment between nodes
axillary buds - ✔️✔️new branch may develop
,terminal buds (apical buds) - ✔️✔️at tip of branch ; provides new growth for elongation
of plant
leaves - ✔️✔️primary site of photosynthesis; includes the blade and petiole; there are
great variations in size, shape, and structure of the lead
blade - ✔️✔️flattened, almost 2D structure; (part of leaf)
petiole - ✔️✔️(part of leaf); stalk, attaches blade to stem
simple leaf - ✔️✔️single, undivided blade
compound leaf - ✔️✔️leaf subdivided into multiple leaflets
doubly compound leaf - ✔️✔️each leaflet subdivided into smaller leaflets
modified leaves - ✔️✔️cucumber vine, kalanchoe leaf, succulent leaf, poinsettia leaf,
and cactus(spine)
Cucumber vine - ✔️✔️have tendrils whose function is clinging
cactus - ✔️✔️have spines whose function is protection
succulent leaf - ✔️✔️have aloe whose function is water storage
poinsettia leaf - ✔️✔️have bracts whose function is to attract pollinators with bright
colors
types of differentiated plant cells - ✔️✔️parenchyma, sclerenchyma, and collenchyma
flowers - ✔️✔️for sexual reproduction of the plant
dermal tissue - ✔️✔️forms the outer protective "skin" of the plant and produces
specialized structures in some parts of the plant
vascular tissue - ✔️✔️forms a system of vessels for the transport of materials
throughout the plant
angiosperms - ✔️✔️compromise the most successful group of plants on earth today.
"vessel seed" refers to the fruit, which is unique to this group, as are flowers
two major subdivisions: monocot and dicot
monocots - ✔️✔️contain one cotyledon
veins usually parallel
, vascular tissue/bundles scattered
root system usually fibrous
pollen grain with one opening
floral organs usually in multiples of three
(Eu)dicots - ✔️✔️contain two cotyledon
veins usually netlike
vascular tissue/bundles usually arranged in ring
taproot (main root) usually present
pollen grain with three openings
floral organs usually in multiples of four or five
xylem and phloem - ✔️✔️are the two main types of vascular tissue
xylem - ✔️✔️upward transports water and minerals; contains tracheids and vessel
elements
tracheids - ✔️✔️dead at maturation; arranged end to end, form long hollow tubes;
tapered ends with pits; lack thick secondary wall; fluid moves through pits, one cell to
next; provide physical support; secondary cell walls have high lignin content
vessel elements - ✔️✔️dead at maturation; arranged end to end, form long hollow
tubes; cells stacked, form long tubes; perforated end walls; fluid flows from one cell to
next; "soda straw"; provide physical support;secondary cell walls have high lignin
content
phloem - ✔️✔️downward transports sugar; cellular components remain viable at
maturity; sieve tube members arranged in linear stacks
sieve tubes - ✔️✔️lack nucleus, ribosomes, and central vacuoles; sugars otter
products transferred from one cell to next
ground tissue - ✔️✔️everything else besides xylem and phloem; lies between the stele
and the epidermis; bulk of the body mass especially in the young; mostly composed of
parenchyma(pitch and cortex); also includes collenchyma and sclerenchyma
pith - ✔️✔️when ground tissue occurs internal to vascular tissue
ground tissue functions - ✔️✔️photosynthesis; storage; support
dermal, vascular, and ground tissue - ✔️✔️three tissue systems
root or shoot - ✔️✔️neither system can function without the other
Test Exam 1
life cycles - ✔️✔️the series of developmental stages and reproductive events that
occur in each generation and produce the next
sexual reproduction in all eukaryotes - ✔️✔️Involves fertilization as well as meiotic cell
division, which reduces the chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (1n)
gametophyte generation - ✔️✔️the haploid part of a plant life cycle
sporophyte generation - ✔️✔️the diploid part of a plant life cycle
the Pollen - ✔️✔️is the male gametophyte and it is produced within the male structures
of the sporophyte plant
pollen grain - ✔️✔️the sperm are produced within the...which is transported great
distances between individual plants
plants - ✔️✔️primary producers, define "specific ecosystems", a lll have adaptive
responses/ interations; have a fixed location which can be problematic
Cells --> - ✔️✔️Tissues --> Organs
roots, stems, and leaves - ✔️✔️the basic organs of plants are
root system - ✔️✔️subterranean; below the ground; anchors the plant and absorbs
water and minerals from the soil. May also store food as starch
shoot system - ✔️✔️above the ground; aerial; composed of stems, leaves, and flowers;
photosynthesis; reproduction
stems - ✔️✔️contain nodes, internodes, axillary buds, and terminal buds
nodes - ✔️✔️point of leaf attachment
internodes - ✔️✔️segment between nodes
axillary buds - ✔️✔️new branch may develop
,terminal buds (apical buds) - ✔️✔️at tip of branch ; provides new growth for elongation
of plant
leaves - ✔️✔️primary site of photosynthesis; includes the blade and petiole; there are
great variations in size, shape, and structure of the lead
blade - ✔️✔️flattened, almost 2D structure; (part of leaf)
petiole - ✔️✔️(part of leaf); stalk, attaches blade to stem
simple leaf - ✔️✔️single, undivided blade
compound leaf - ✔️✔️leaf subdivided into multiple leaflets
doubly compound leaf - ✔️✔️each leaflet subdivided into smaller leaflets
modified leaves - ✔️✔️cucumber vine, kalanchoe leaf, succulent leaf, poinsettia leaf,
and cactus(spine)
Cucumber vine - ✔️✔️have tendrils whose function is clinging
cactus - ✔️✔️have spines whose function is protection
succulent leaf - ✔️✔️have aloe whose function is water storage
poinsettia leaf - ✔️✔️have bracts whose function is to attract pollinators with bright
colors
types of differentiated plant cells - ✔️✔️parenchyma, sclerenchyma, and collenchyma
flowers - ✔️✔️for sexual reproduction of the plant
dermal tissue - ✔️✔️forms the outer protective "skin" of the plant and produces
specialized structures in some parts of the plant
vascular tissue - ✔️✔️forms a system of vessels for the transport of materials
throughout the plant
angiosperms - ✔️✔️compromise the most successful group of plants on earth today.
"vessel seed" refers to the fruit, which is unique to this group, as are flowers
two major subdivisions: monocot and dicot
monocots - ✔️✔️contain one cotyledon
veins usually parallel
, vascular tissue/bundles scattered
root system usually fibrous
pollen grain with one opening
floral organs usually in multiples of three
(Eu)dicots - ✔️✔️contain two cotyledon
veins usually netlike
vascular tissue/bundles usually arranged in ring
taproot (main root) usually present
pollen grain with three openings
floral organs usually in multiples of four or five
xylem and phloem - ✔️✔️are the two main types of vascular tissue
xylem - ✔️✔️upward transports water and minerals; contains tracheids and vessel
elements
tracheids - ✔️✔️dead at maturation; arranged end to end, form long hollow tubes;
tapered ends with pits; lack thick secondary wall; fluid moves through pits, one cell to
next; provide physical support; secondary cell walls have high lignin content
vessel elements - ✔️✔️dead at maturation; arranged end to end, form long hollow
tubes; cells stacked, form long tubes; perforated end walls; fluid flows from one cell to
next; "soda straw"; provide physical support;secondary cell walls have high lignin
content
phloem - ✔️✔️downward transports sugar; cellular components remain viable at
maturity; sieve tube members arranged in linear stacks
sieve tubes - ✔️✔️lack nucleus, ribosomes, and central vacuoles; sugars otter
products transferred from one cell to next
ground tissue - ✔️✔️everything else besides xylem and phloem; lies between the stele
and the epidermis; bulk of the body mass especially in the young; mostly composed of
parenchyma(pitch and cortex); also includes collenchyma and sclerenchyma
pith - ✔️✔️when ground tissue occurs internal to vascular tissue
ground tissue functions - ✔️✔️photosynthesis; storage; support
dermal, vascular, and ground tissue - ✔️✔️three tissue systems
root or shoot - ✔️✔️neither system can function without the other
