NURS 3040 EXAM 1
Insidious - answer proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects
fulminant - answer severe and sudden onset of symptoms or a disease
Infarct - answer Area of dead tissue after a lack of blood supply
What are factors that cause cellular injury? - answer-Na/K pump dysfunction
-loss of cell wall integrity
-Intracellular accumulation
-protein synthesis defects
-DNA damage
Where is oxygen carried in the cell? - answerHemoglobin carries the oxygen in the RBC
What is the most common cause of cellular hypoxia? - answerischemia (impaired O2
delivery)
What does hypoxic injury lead to? - answercellular power failure due to the fact that less
ATP can be made in an anaerobic environment
Which fluid space is Sodium most important? - answermain determinant of osmolarity in
extracellular fluid
Which fluid space is Potassium most important? - answermain determinant in
intracellular fluid
Products and Results of Na/K Pump - answerexpels 3 Na in exchange for 2 K
functions of Na/K pump - answer-maintains action potential of muscle and nerve cells
-fluid balance in/out cells
-maintains intracellular Ca
Types of Accumulation Injury? - answer- Calcification
- Lipids
- Protein
- Pigments
- Urate
- Environmental
laceration - answera cut, tear in skin
, incision - answercut that is longer than deep
contusion - answerbruise
Hematoma - answera solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.
Abrasion - answerScrape of the skin due to something abrasive
Avulsion - answerAn injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as
a flap.
Friction - answermore superficial injury
Shearing - answerinjury resulting from gravity, deeper wound, skin tear EX: elderly
moving in bed
Signs of lead poisoning? - answerblue gum line
exposure to lead due to - answerflaky paint, batteries
Sign of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning? - answerbad headache, nausea, ringing in ears
Exposure to carbon monoxide: - answerbad ventilated home, car left on, space heater
Symptoms of mercury poisoning - answerToxic to brain, spinal cord, and kidneys
free radicals - answersubstance that attacks endothelium and disrupts its entity
What can occur with over nutrition - answerfatty liver -> cirrhosis (consuming too much
fatty foods)
What is endothelium? - answercell lining of blood vessels
What is an endothelial injury? - answerlining inside vessel is like ballon and will weaken
-> eventually pop (aneurysm)
Apoptosis - answerprogrammed cell death
-can occur normally or abnormally
necrosis - answertissue death
-unplanned
-irreversible
dry gangrene - answerslow, gradual, dry and dark dying tissue
may not feel pain, as extremities auto amputate
Insidious - answer proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects
fulminant - answer severe and sudden onset of symptoms or a disease
Infarct - answer Area of dead tissue after a lack of blood supply
What are factors that cause cellular injury? - answer-Na/K pump dysfunction
-loss of cell wall integrity
-Intracellular accumulation
-protein synthesis defects
-DNA damage
Where is oxygen carried in the cell? - answerHemoglobin carries the oxygen in the RBC
What is the most common cause of cellular hypoxia? - answerischemia (impaired O2
delivery)
What does hypoxic injury lead to? - answercellular power failure due to the fact that less
ATP can be made in an anaerobic environment
Which fluid space is Sodium most important? - answermain determinant of osmolarity in
extracellular fluid
Which fluid space is Potassium most important? - answermain determinant in
intracellular fluid
Products and Results of Na/K Pump - answerexpels 3 Na in exchange for 2 K
functions of Na/K pump - answer-maintains action potential of muscle and nerve cells
-fluid balance in/out cells
-maintains intracellular Ca
Types of Accumulation Injury? - answer- Calcification
- Lipids
- Protein
- Pigments
- Urate
- Environmental
laceration - answera cut, tear in skin
, incision - answercut that is longer than deep
contusion - answerbruise
Hematoma - answera solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.
Abrasion - answerScrape of the skin due to something abrasive
Avulsion - answerAn injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as
a flap.
Friction - answermore superficial injury
Shearing - answerinjury resulting from gravity, deeper wound, skin tear EX: elderly
moving in bed
Signs of lead poisoning? - answerblue gum line
exposure to lead due to - answerflaky paint, batteries
Sign of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning? - answerbad headache, nausea, ringing in ears
Exposure to carbon monoxide: - answerbad ventilated home, car left on, space heater
Symptoms of mercury poisoning - answerToxic to brain, spinal cord, and kidneys
free radicals - answersubstance that attacks endothelium and disrupts its entity
What can occur with over nutrition - answerfatty liver -> cirrhosis (consuming too much
fatty foods)
What is endothelium? - answercell lining of blood vessels
What is an endothelial injury? - answerlining inside vessel is like ballon and will weaken
-> eventually pop (aneurysm)
Apoptosis - answerprogrammed cell death
-can occur normally or abnormally
necrosis - answertissue death
-unplanned
-irreversible
dry gangrene - answerslow, gradual, dry and dark dying tissue
may not feel pain, as extremities auto amputate
