GENERAL PHYSICS 2
COURSE CODE 3RD QUARTER - 2ND SEMESTER
METHODS OF CHARGING 2 ELECTRICITY
LESSON OVERVIEW FRICTION ELECTRICITY
● It occurs when electrons are “rubbed” from one ● Branch of physics that studies phenomena
TOPIC OUTLINE object onto another. associated with electric charge
o Example: If you use a cloth to rub a plastic ELECTROSTATIC - not moving
1. Introduction to Charges
ruler, electrons move from the cloth to the ELECTRIC CURRENT - moving
A. Methods of Charging
ruler. The ruler gains electrons & the cloth ELECTRICALLY CHARGES - imbalance of proton &
B. Conductors & Insulators
loses electrons. electron
2. Electricity
INDUCTION STATIC ELECTRICITY - result of electric charge
A. Coulomb’s Law
● It happens when charges in an uncharged ELECTRIC FORCE - the attraction or repulsion between
3. Circuits
object (neutral) are rearranged without direct charged particles.
A. Electric Potential Difference
contact with a charged object.
B. Circuits
o Example: Water bending activity COULOMB’S LAW
4. Electric Flux & Gauss’ Law
CONDUCTION
5. Equipotential Lines -Charles Coulomb’s (1736-1806), which describes the
● has direct contact.
6. Capacitors electric force between two point charges.
7. Ohm’s Law -The magnitude force is always POSITIVE.
8. Magnetism BASICS OF CHARGING Where:
-Each electron carries the fundamental charge which F is the electric force
is 1.6x10-19C. This magnitude is negative for the k is Coulomb’s constant (8.99x109 Nm2/C2)
1 INTRODUCTION TO CHARGES
electron & positive for the proton. q1 & q2 are the magnitude of the charges
Atoms are composed of 3 particles:
-Electric charge is quantized. r is the distance between the charges
o Protons: POSITIVE charge
CONDUCTOR
o Neutrons: NEUTRAL charge
● Any substance that can quickly share electric ELECTRIC FORCE
o Electrons: NEGATIVE charge
charge.
CHARGING ELECTRIC FORCE
● Electrical conductor - material that allows
● Means gaining or losing negative charges. ● Created between all electric charges
electric current to pass easily.
THE FLOW OF CHARGES (attract or repel); measured using
o Examples: Copper, Aluminum, & Mercury
● Electrons are the subatomic particles that electroscope and can be transferred by
SEMI-CONDUCTOR
move between objects conduction.
● Substance that can share few free electrons.
● Adding electrons → negatively charged ELECTRIC CURRENT
INSULATOR
● Removing electrons → positively charged ELECTRIC CURRENT
● A substance that cannot quickly share electric
HOW CHARGES INTERACT ● The continuous flow electric charge.
charge.
● Law of Repulsion same charge repel each other ● Measured in Amperes (A/amps)
● Electrical insulator - material in which electric
● Object with different charges attract each o 1 A = C/s
current does not flow easily.
other ● Current: rate of charge movement
o Examples: Plastic, rubber, glass, wood, & air
1 CRYSTAL N. ABUJAN | 12 STEM - EINSTEIN
, GENERAL PHYSICS 2
COURSE CODE 3RD QUARTER - 2ND SEMESTER
DIRECT CURRENT ALTERNATING CURRENT ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A POINT CHARGE ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE (J/C)
Unit: N/C ● The change in potential energy of a charge
one direction different directions
moved from A to B, divided by the charge.
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL (ΔV)
CONVENTIONAL CURRENT ELECTRON FLOW ● The potential energy per unit charge.
from positive to the from negative to the DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELECTRIC FIELD AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
negative charge positive charge FORCE BASIC CIRCUITS
ELECTRIC FIELD (E) ELECTRIC FORCE (F) ● A circuit is a path through which electricity can
ELECTRIC FIELD & ELFS Exist even if no other Only exist when another flow.
ELECTRIC FIELD charges is present charge is present ● Most circuits have 3 parts:
● A region in space around a charged object o An energy source
SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE
where another charged object experiences a o One or more loads (devices that use
● The total electric field at a point due to a
force. electricity)
system of point charges is the vector sum of
Where: E is the electric field (N/C) o Conductors (wires) that connect energy
the individual electric fields due to each
1 µC - microcoulomb = 1 x 10-6C source and the load(s)
charge.
SOURCE CHARGE
● An electric charge that produces an electric PARTS OF A CIRCUITS
field. ENERGY SOURCE: Provides the energy to push a
ELECTRIC FIELD LINE change through the circuit (e.g., a battery)
ELECTRIC FORCE WITH ELECTRIC FIELD NET
● shows the direction & LOAD: A device in a circuit that operates using
𝐹 = 𝑞𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑡
strength of the electric electrical energy (e.g., light bulb, a motor)
force. 3 CIRCUITS CONDUCTOR: A material that allows electrical energy
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE (PD) to flow through it easily (e.g., copper wire)
PROPERTIES OF FIELD LINE: ● The difference in potential energy RESISTOR: An object added to a circuit that restricts
shows the direction: between 2 locations the flow of electrical energy. (e.g., light bulbs, heating
➢ Positive charge: Outward ● Electric charges flow from a region elements).
➢ Negative charge: Inward of high PE to a region of low PE SWITCH: A device that controls the flow of current
shows the strength: VOLTAGE through a circuit.
➢ Close lines: strong ● Voltage is another term for o An open switch stops the flow of current,
electric field potential difference creating an open circuit
➢ Far lines: weak electric ● SI unit is volts (V) o A closed switch allows the current to
field o Example: In a 9-volt battery, an electric continue flowing, creating a closed circuit.
charge gains 9 volts of potential energy
when it moves from the negative terminal,
through the battery, to the positive terminal
2 CRYSTAL N. ABUJAN | 12 STEM - EINSTEIN
COURSE CODE 3RD QUARTER - 2ND SEMESTER
METHODS OF CHARGING 2 ELECTRICITY
LESSON OVERVIEW FRICTION ELECTRICITY
● It occurs when electrons are “rubbed” from one ● Branch of physics that studies phenomena
TOPIC OUTLINE object onto another. associated with electric charge
o Example: If you use a cloth to rub a plastic ELECTROSTATIC - not moving
1. Introduction to Charges
ruler, electrons move from the cloth to the ELECTRIC CURRENT - moving
A. Methods of Charging
ruler. The ruler gains electrons & the cloth ELECTRICALLY CHARGES - imbalance of proton &
B. Conductors & Insulators
loses electrons. electron
2. Electricity
INDUCTION STATIC ELECTRICITY - result of electric charge
A. Coulomb’s Law
● It happens when charges in an uncharged ELECTRIC FORCE - the attraction or repulsion between
3. Circuits
object (neutral) are rearranged without direct charged particles.
A. Electric Potential Difference
contact with a charged object.
B. Circuits
o Example: Water bending activity COULOMB’S LAW
4. Electric Flux & Gauss’ Law
CONDUCTION
5. Equipotential Lines -Charles Coulomb’s (1736-1806), which describes the
● has direct contact.
6. Capacitors electric force between two point charges.
7. Ohm’s Law -The magnitude force is always POSITIVE.
8. Magnetism BASICS OF CHARGING Where:
-Each electron carries the fundamental charge which F is the electric force
is 1.6x10-19C. This magnitude is negative for the k is Coulomb’s constant (8.99x109 Nm2/C2)
1 INTRODUCTION TO CHARGES
electron & positive for the proton. q1 & q2 are the magnitude of the charges
Atoms are composed of 3 particles:
-Electric charge is quantized. r is the distance between the charges
o Protons: POSITIVE charge
CONDUCTOR
o Neutrons: NEUTRAL charge
● Any substance that can quickly share electric ELECTRIC FORCE
o Electrons: NEGATIVE charge
charge.
CHARGING ELECTRIC FORCE
● Electrical conductor - material that allows
● Means gaining or losing negative charges. ● Created between all electric charges
electric current to pass easily.
THE FLOW OF CHARGES (attract or repel); measured using
o Examples: Copper, Aluminum, & Mercury
● Electrons are the subatomic particles that electroscope and can be transferred by
SEMI-CONDUCTOR
move between objects conduction.
● Substance that can share few free electrons.
● Adding electrons → negatively charged ELECTRIC CURRENT
INSULATOR
● Removing electrons → positively charged ELECTRIC CURRENT
● A substance that cannot quickly share electric
HOW CHARGES INTERACT ● The continuous flow electric charge.
charge.
● Law of Repulsion same charge repel each other ● Measured in Amperes (A/amps)
● Electrical insulator - material in which electric
● Object with different charges attract each o 1 A = C/s
current does not flow easily.
other ● Current: rate of charge movement
o Examples: Plastic, rubber, glass, wood, & air
1 CRYSTAL N. ABUJAN | 12 STEM - EINSTEIN
, GENERAL PHYSICS 2
COURSE CODE 3RD QUARTER - 2ND SEMESTER
DIRECT CURRENT ALTERNATING CURRENT ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A POINT CHARGE ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE (J/C)
Unit: N/C ● The change in potential energy of a charge
one direction different directions
moved from A to B, divided by the charge.
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL (ΔV)
CONVENTIONAL CURRENT ELECTRON FLOW ● The potential energy per unit charge.
from positive to the from negative to the DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELECTRIC FIELD AND ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
negative charge positive charge FORCE BASIC CIRCUITS
ELECTRIC FIELD (E) ELECTRIC FORCE (F) ● A circuit is a path through which electricity can
ELECTRIC FIELD & ELFS Exist even if no other Only exist when another flow.
ELECTRIC FIELD charges is present charge is present ● Most circuits have 3 parts:
● A region in space around a charged object o An energy source
SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE
where another charged object experiences a o One or more loads (devices that use
● The total electric field at a point due to a
force. electricity)
system of point charges is the vector sum of
Where: E is the electric field (N/C) o Conductors (wires) that connect energy
the individual electric fields due to each
1 µC - microcoulomb = 1 x 10-6C source and the load(s)
charge.
SOURCE CHARGE
● An electric charge that produces an electric PARTS OF A CIRCUITS
field. ENERGY SOURCE: Provides the energy to push a
ELECTRIC FIELD LINE change through the circuit (e.g., a battery)
ELECTRIC FORCE WITH ELECTRIC FIELD NET
● shows the direction & LOAD: A device in a circuit that operates using
𝐹 = 𝑞𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑡
strength of the electric electrical energy (e.g., light bulb, a motor)
force. 3 CIRCUITS CONDUCTOR: A material that allows electrical energy
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE (PD) to flow through it easily (e.g., copper wire)
PROPERTIES OF FIELD LINE: ● The difference in potential energy RESISTOR: An object added to a circuit that restricts
shows the direction: between 2 locations the flow of electrical energy. (e.g., light bulbs, heating
➢ Positive charge: Outward ● Electric charges flow from a region elements).
➢ Negative charge: Inward of high PE to a region of low PE SWITCH: A device that controls the flow of current
shows the strength: VOLTAGE through a circuit.
➢ Close lines: strong ● Voltage is another term for o An open switch stops the flow of current,
electric field potential difference creating an open circuit
➢ Far lines: weak electric ● SI unit is volts (V) o A closed switch allows the current to
field o Example: In a 9-volt battery, an electric continue flowing, creating a closed circuit.
charge gains 9 volts of potential energy
when it moves from the negative terminal,
through the battery, to the positive terminal
2 CRYSTAL N. ABUJAN | 12 STEM - EINSTEIN
