ANHB1101 Exam with precise detailed answers || || || || ||
What is Blending Inheritance? - ✔✔Darwin could not explain how favourable traits were
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
passed down to the following generation. He knew that offspring tended to resemble their
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
parents but he couldn't explain the mechanism. This was one of Darwin's challenges
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
alongside time. ||
The prevailing thought at the time was 'Blending Inheritance' which is when the offspring
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
displays a mixture of the traits displayed by the parents. This concept didn't sit right with
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Darwin because if the 'red' was an advantageous trait and the following generation was
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
'pink', then you have lost that advantageous trait. Therefore, Blending inheritance would
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
diminish the advantageous traits within a population. || || || || || ||
How do new traits arise? How are new genetic combinations created? - ✔✔Mutations in
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
genes and chromosomes produce new variations which are passed on to subsequent
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
generations. This was how Darwin tried to explain how variation arises. || || || || || || || || || ||
What is Mendel's 5 laws of inheritance? - ✔✔1. Inheritance is particulate, not blending.
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|| 2. Each individual carries a pair of alleles for each trait.
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|| 3. Alleles exhibit dominant or recessive expression.
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4. During formation of gametes, each allele of a pair travels into its own gamete. (Principle
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of Segregation)
||
5. Alleles controlling a trait reach gametes independently of alleles controlling other traits.
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(Principle of Independent Assortment) || || ||
VOCAB: Population. - ✔✔A group, within a species of interbreeding individuals and their
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offspring in the same geographic location. || || || || ||
VOCAB: Gene. - ✔✔The unit of inheritance affecting the characteristics of a trait.
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, VOCAB: Allele. - ✔✔One of two or more alternative expressions of a gene.
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VOCAB: Genotype. - ✔✔The genetic makeup of an Individual.
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VOCAB: Gene Pool. - ✔✔All genes in the eggs & sperm in a population.
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VOCAB: Phenotype. - ✔✔The expression of the genotype and the environment.
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How do new traits arise? - ✔✔Mutation:
|| || || || || ||
A spontaneous error in DNA replication leading to a heritable change in an individuals
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
genome. It is NOT a change in the genetic code. (Relethford)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
How are new genetic combinations created? - ✔✔Crossing over during meiosis and sexual
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
reproduction.
VOCAB: Fitness. - ✔✔An organisms ability to survive and reproduce, passing their genes
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
onto the following generation.
|| || ||
What is the formula for fitness? - ✔✔Fitness = survival + reproductive success.
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VOCAB: Adaptations. - ✔✔Anatomical structure, physiological process, or behavioural trait
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that evolved by natural selection and improves an organism's ability to survive and leave
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
descendants.
What are selection pressures and it's divisions? - ✔✔Biotic Factors (Selection pressures that
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
are related to another organism): Competition, predation, disease etc.
|| || || || || || || ||
Abiotic Factors (Selection pressures that are related to the environment): Climate,
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
topography, habitat etc. || ||
What is Blending Inheritance? - ✔✔Darwin could not explain how favourable traits were
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
passed down to the following generation. He knew that offspring tended to resemble their
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
parents but he couldn't explain the mechanism. This was one of Darwin's challenges
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
alongside time. ||
The prevailing thought at the time was 'Blending Inheritance' which is when the offspring
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
displays a mixture of the traits displayed by the parents. This concept didn't sit right with
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Darwin because if the 'red' was an advantageous trait and the following generation was
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
'pink', then you have lost that advantageous trait. Therefore, Blending inheritance would
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
diminish the advantageous traits within a population. || || || || || ||
How do new traits arise? How are new genetic combinations created? - ✔✔Mutations in
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
genes and chromosomes produce new variations which are passed on to subsequent
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
generations. This was how Darwin tried to explain how variation arises. || || || || || || || || || ||
What is Mendel's 5 laws of inheritance? - ✔✔1. Inheritance is particulate, not blending.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|| 2. Each individual carries a pair of alleles for each trait.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
|| 3. Alleles exhibit dominant or recessive expression.
|| || || || || || ||
4. During formation of gametes, each allele of a pair travels into its own gamete. (Principle
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of Segregation)
||
5. Alleles controlling a trait reach gametes independently of alleles controlling other traits.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
(Principle of Independent Assortment) || || ||
VOCAB: Population. - ✔✔A group, within a species of interbreeding individuals and their
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
offspring in the same geographic location. || || || || ||
VOCAB: Gene. - ✔✔The unit of inheritance affecting the characteristics of a trait.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
, VOCAB: Allele. - ✔✔One of two or more alternative expressions of a gene.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
VOCAB: Genotype. - ✔✔The genetic makeup of an Individual.
|| || || || || || || ||
VOCAB: Gene Pool. - ✔✔All genes in the eggs & sperm in a population.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
VOCAB: Phenotype. - ✔✔The expression of the genotype and the environment.
|| || || || || || || || || ||
How do new traits arise? - ✔✔Mutation:
|| || || || || ||
A spontaneous error in DNA replication leading to a heritable change in an individuals
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
genome. It is NOT a change in the genetic code. (Relethford)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
How are new genetic combinations created? - ✔✔Crossing over during meiosis and sexual
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
reproduction.
VOCAB: Fitness. - ✔✔An organisms ability to survive and reproduce, passing their genes
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
onto the following generation.
|| || ||
What is the formula for fitness? - ✔✔Fitness = survival + reproductive success.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
VOCAB: Adaptations. - ✔✔Anatomical structure, physiological process, or behavioural trait
|| || || || || || || || ||
that evolved by natural selection and improves an organism's ability to survive and leave
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
descendants.
What are selection pressures and it's divisions? - ✔✔Biotic Factors (Selection pressures that
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
are related to another organism): Competition, predation, disease etc.
|| || || || || || || ||
Abiotic Factors (Selection pressures that are related to the environment): Climate,
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
topography, habitat etc. || ||
