HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 HU
NSG120 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES GRADED A+
NSG 120.01.01
Characteristics of Disease - ANSWER - Pathogenesis: refers to the development of
the disease- its sequence of events
Onset: the obvious progression of disease
Acute: short term illness marked with signs such as high fever or sever pain
Chronic: milder condition, developing gradually but causes more permeant tissue
damage
**chronic is marked by intermittent acute episodes***
Latent: "siLent" stage, no clinic signs evident. aka incubations period
Prodromal period: early stage of pathologic development when signs are
nonspecific (ex: fatigue, loss of appetite)
Manifestations: clinical evidence- signs and symptoms of the disease (erythema.
swelling)
Signs: OBJECTIVE; what you see are affecting the patient. can be local or
systemic
Symptoms: SUBJECTIVE (nausea, pain)
Syndrome: collection of signs and symptoms affecting more than one organ
Precipitating factors: conditions that trigger an acute episode
NSG 120.01.02.01
Diagnostic Testing Values - ANSWER - GLUCOSE MONITORING***
Fasting: 70-110
1
,30min: 110-170
1HR: 120-170
2/3HR/: 70-120
Chloride: 97-106
Potassium: 3.5-5.3
Sodium: 135-145
Calcium: 8.2-10.2
NSG 120.02.03.03
Insect, Human, & Animal Bites - ANSWER - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/
TICK BITE**
sudden onset of fever, headache, malaise, myalgia
causative agent is transmitted and carried in the feces of infected tics, introduced
into the bloodstream, reproduces in cells and destroys them
**cannot transmit from person to person**
Other modes of transmissions - ANSWER - direct contact, indirect contact,
droplets, aerosol, vector
Autoimmune Disorders - ANSWER - Occurs when the body's normal immune
system mistakenly is misdirected against its own tissues.
2
, Examples:
SLE, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Graves disease, Pernicious anemia, Hashimoto, MS,
Myasthenia Gravis, Tyle 1 diabetes
SLE- Lupus - ANSWER - chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease
(inflammation of the skin, joints, nervous system, kidneys, lungs)
**BUTTERFLY RASH**
Has ability to damage connective tissues anywhere in the body
Rheumatoid Arthritis - ANSWER - chronic, inflammatory systemic disease that
affects joints
Autoimmune
more common in women than men
NSG120.03.01.02
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation - ANSWER - Redness and heat caused by
increased blood flow to damaged area
Swelling caused by shift of protein and fluid into interstitial space
Pain caused by increase pressure of fluid on the nerves & local irritation
loss of function, exudate
NSG120.03.01.03
Diagnosis & Treatment of Inflammation - ANSWER - TEST:
3
NSG120 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES GRADED A+
NSG 120.01.01
Characteristics of Disease - ANSWER - Pathogenesis: refers to the development of
the disease- its sequence of events
Onset: the obvious progression of disease
Acute: short term illness marked with signs such as high fever or sever pain
Chronic: milder condition, developing gradually but causes more permeant tissue
damage
**chronic is marked by intermittent acute episodes***
Latent: "siLent" stage, no clinic signs evident. aka incubations period
Prodromal period: early stage of pathologic development when signs are
nonspecific (ex: fatigue, loss of appetite)
Manifestations: clinical evidence- signs and symptoms of the disease (erythema.
swelling)
Signs: OBJECTIVE; what you see are affecting the patient. can be local or
systemic
Symptoms: SUBJECTIVE (nausea, pain)
Syndrome: collection of signs and symptoms affecting more than one organ
Precipitating factors: conditions that trigger an acute episode
NSG 120.01.02.01
Diagnostic Testing Values - ANSWER - GLUCOSE MONITORING***
Fasting: 70-110
1
,30min: 110-170
1HR: 120-170
2/3HR/: 70-120
Chloride: 97-106
Potassium: 3.5-5.3
Sodium: 135-145
Calcium: 8.2-10.2
NSG 120.02.03.03
Insect, Human, & Animal Bites - ANSWER - Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/
TICK BITE**
sudden onset of fever, headache, malaise, myalgia
causative agent is transmitted and carried in the feces of infected tics, introduced
into the bloodstream, reproduces in cells and destroys them
**cannot transmit from person to person**
Other modes of transmissions - ANSWER - direct contact, indirect contact,
droplets, aerosol, vector
Autoimmune Disorders - ANSWER - Occurs when the body's normal immune
system mistakenly is misdirected against its own tissues.
2
, Examples:
SLE, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Graves disease, Pernicious anemia, Hashimoto, MS,
Myasthenia Gravis, Tyle 1 diabetes
SLE- Lupus - ANSWER - chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease
(inflammation of the skin, joints, nervous system, kidneys, lungs)
**BUTTERFLY RASH**
Has ability to damage connective tissues anywhere in the body
Rheumatoid Arthritis - ANSWER - chronic, inflammatory systemic disease that
affects joints
Autoimmune
more common in women than men
NSG120.03.01.02
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation - ANSWER - Redness and heat caused by
increased blood flow to damaged area
Swelling caused by shift of protein and fluid into interstitial space
Pain caused by increase pressure of fluid on the nerves & local irritation
loss of function, exudate
NSG120.03.01.03
Diagnosis & Treatment of Inflammation - ANSWER - TEST:
3
