AC-HPAT Prep Exam questions with verified detailed answers || || || || || || ||
Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: - ✔✔Proteins
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: - ✔✔Anaerobic Respiration
|| || || || || || || ||
Phagocytosis is a form of: - ✔✔Endocytosis || || || || || ||
What is a pyruvate? - ✔✔Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in one of two ways.
|| || || || ||
What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled according to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
genetic instructions? - ✔✔Ribosomes
|| || || ||
What is the structural and functional unit of life? - ✔✔The cell
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
What is a prokaryotic cell? - ✔✔A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
organelles
What is a eukaryotic cell? - ✔✔A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
organelles
What is cellular respiration? - ✔✔A catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At times, the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
process proceeds without oxygen, but this is less efficient.
|| || || || || || || ||
,What is anaerobic respiration? - ✔✔A form of cellular respiration that does not involve
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
oxygen.
What is aerobic respiration? - ✔✔Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
generate energy. ||
Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane: - ✔✔Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
|| || || || || || || ||
Prokaryotes often reproduce by: - ✔✔Binary Fission || || || || || ||
What is binary fission? - ✔✔A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
into two identical halves.
|| || ||
What is cytokinesis? - ✔✔The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells, which
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
|| || || || || || ||
What is a haploid cell? - ✔✔A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is a diploid cell? - ✔✔A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is chromatin? - ✔✔The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed,
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
consisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA. || || || || || ||
What is a centriole? - ✔✔a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
, What is a chromosome? - ✔✔A structure carrying genes is a linear sequence, found in the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein. || || || || ||
What is DNA? - ✔✔A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the genetic material
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of most living organisms and plays a role in determining heredity.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
What is RNA? - ✔✔A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in protein synthesis. It
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
is responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed for DNA to specialized sites within
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the cell where the information is translated into protein composition.
|| || || || || || || || ||
What is a nucleotide? - ✔✔A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
a nitrogen-containing base.
|| ||
What is transcription? - ✔✔Transcription is the process by which the information in a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... This complex
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
initiates transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
complementary bases to the original DNA strand. || || || || || ||
What is translation? - ✔✔Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs in
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is endocytosis and exocytosis? - ✔✔Endocytosis is the process of capturing a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell || || || || || || || || || ||
Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: - ✔✔Proteins
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: - ✔✔Anaerobic Respiration
|| || || || || || || ||
Phagocytosis is a form of: - ✔✔Endocytosis || || || || || ||
What is a pyruvate? - ✔✔Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in one of two ways.
|| || || || ||
What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled according to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
genetic instructions? - ✔✔Ribosomes
|| || || ||
What is the structural and functional unit of life? - ✔✔The cell
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
What is a prokaryotic cell? - ✔✔A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
organelles
What is a eukaryotic cell? - ✔✔A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
organelles
What is cellular respiration? - ✔✔A catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At times, the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
process proceeds without oxygen, but this is less efficient.
|| || || || || || || ||
,What is anaerobic respiration? - ✔✔A form of cellular respiration that does not involve
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
oxygen.
What is aerobic respiration? - ✔✔Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
generate energy. ||
Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane: - ✔✔Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
|| || || || || || || ||
Prokaryotes often reproduce by: - ✔✔Binary Fission || || || || || ||
What is binary fission? - ✔✔A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
into two identical halves.
|| || ||
What is cytokinesis? - ✔✔The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells, which
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
|| || || || || || ||
What is a haploid cell? - ✔✔A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is a diploid cell? - ✔✔A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is chromatin? - ✔✔The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed,
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
consisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA. || || || || || ||
What is a centriole? - ✔✔a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
, What is a chromosome? - ✔✔A structure carrying genes is a linear sequence, found in the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein. || || || || ||
What is DNA? - ✔✔A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the genetic material
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of most living organisms and plays a role in determining heredity.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
What is RNA? - ✔✔A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in protein synthesis. It
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
is responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed for DNA to specialized sites within
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the cell where the information is translated into protein composition.
|| || || || || || || || ||
What is a nucleotide? - ✔✔A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
a nitrogen-containing base.
|| ||
What is transcription? - ✔✔Transcription is the process by which the information in a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... This complex
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
initiates transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
complementary bases to the original DNA strand. || || || || || ||
What is translation? - ✔✔Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs in
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
What is endocytosis and exocytosis? - ✔✔Endocytosis is the process of capturing a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell || || || || || || || || || ||
