Prophet Muhammad – Extra Information
Lots of torture faced in mecca from the Quraysh:
- Not allowed to express freedom of religion
- Muslims were marginalised and used as slaves
- Quraysh boycotted Muslim businesses.
- There was a war in 3 different places (Badr, Uhud and the Trench)
- These battles were the first ever use of Defensive Jihad
- Defended Islam
- Eventually they signed a peace treaty called the Treaty Of Hudabiyyah
- Quraysh broke this and Muslims attacked- took control of Mecca
- But Prophet didn’t kill them all and forgave them
- He allowed people to live and this convinced lots of the Quraysh that he was truly a prophet and many of
them accepted to be Muslims
Prophet Ibrahim
1) Prophet Ibrahim was born in Babylon, into a family and community, where people worshipped idols.
2) Ibrahim received a revelation from Allah, where he was commanded to submit and become a Muslim = which he did.
3) Ibrahim told his family to stop worshipping idols, his father threatened to stone him – but Ibrahim still respected him.
4) One day when the people left town he went into the temple and demolished all the idols with an axe.
5) They asked him if he did it but he said no- ask the big idol (here he showed how idols are just statues and cant do anything – they
can’t protect themselves yet alone people).
6) Ibrahim was punished to burning at the stake. He was put in shackles, tied up and put over a fire.
7) Angel Jibreel came to him and asked ‘is there anything you wish for’ and he said he wants Allah to be pleased with him.
8) Then Allah saved Ibrahim. When he went into the fire, only his chains burnt not him.
9) Later on in his life he married Sara and they wanted children but couldn’t have them
10) He had a child with Hajjar called Ismail and them 3 travelled to Arabia
11) In Arabia, he was commanded by Allah to leave Hajjar and Ismail in a barren piece of land (desert), he left some water and food
12) Hajjar needed to find water for her and her baby, so she ran from the mountains of Safa and Marwa to find help
13) She than saw the Angel Jibreel and he made water come out of the earth to help Hajjar – Well of Zam Zam
14) Ibrahim than returned to mecca where Hajjar and Ismail were, and he was commanded by Allah to sacrifice Ismail.
15) Both Ibrahim and Ismail agreed to the sacrifice and said ‘Do what Allah commanded you to’
16) Went to Mount Arafat – he was tied up ready to die but then Allah sent a sheep down to be sacrificed – which leads to the
celebration of Eid-Al-Adha
17) Ibrahim and Ismail were both ordered to build the Kaaba, which they did and Allah commanded Ibrahim to perform Hajj.
IMPORTANCE: Built the Kaaba, showed great faith in Allah (passed/completed all his tests) and he is called ‘Khalilullah’ – Friend of God
QUOTES: ‘Who can be better in religion than one who submits his whole self to God. Does good and follows the way of Abraham the
true in faith, For God did take Abraham for a friend’
INFLUENCE: Importance of obeying Allahs words, Respect your parents even if they are wrong and be resilient through hardships
- He died in Palestine and has a town named after him in the city of Hebron called ‘Al-Khalil’
- Prophet Ibrahim was the first to fully submit to there being one God.
Prophet Adam
- First human on earth
- Known as the ‘Father of Mankind’
- Without him there would be no humans, no Muslims and he started it all
- His story (Adam & Eve) teaches us not to be arrogant or prideful like Iblis and reinforced the golden rule
- Allah forgave Adam – reinforcing the Nature of God – ‘Most forgiving’ ‘Most merciful’.
Muslims believe life is a test- initially Adam failed this when he and eve ate the apple – disobeying God.
Prophet Ibrahim- didn’t. He passed all the tests and was willing to suffer and lose so much more for Allah.
, Risalah
Means prophethood. A prophet is someone who has received a revelation from God. Musa:
A good leader
Task of performing miracles – saved people from
- Receive and pass on Allah’s messages
slavery within Egypt
- Perfect examples of how to be in society – how to live, pray, submit etc.
- Lead the community so they will also live as Allah wants them too Dawud:
Great king and leader – given the Zabur (psalms) –
Sunni: Prophets can’t sin important songs about praise of Allah
Shia: Prophets could possibly sin, but they do it out of complete and utter obedience
Isa:
Prophet Muhammad: Seal of the prophet: ‘Al-Amin’ Not the son of God – as it goes against Tawhid
- ‘He is the messenger of Allah and last of the prophets’ Role of performing Miracles
Not crucified
- Most important because of the Quran – the direct unchanged word of Allah
- Best example: Never committed major sins, protected Islam, never said anything wrong in terms of religion and he made mistakes
Ibrahim: ‘Khalilullah’
- Rejected polytheism
- 1st to fully submit to god
- Willing to sacrifice his son- on Allahs Command
- Him and Ismail (his son) built the Kaaba – to replace Adams one that was destroyed in the flood (Noahs Ark)
Adam:
- First human and first prophet.
- Disobeyed Allah by eating the fruit – banished from garden of Eden
- Built one of the first houses of worship for God
- Tempted to eat the fruit by Iblis (devil)
Quotes:
‘I have left you with two matter, which will never lead you astray, as long as you hold on to them: the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of
his prophet’
‘I have been sent to prefect good character’
Sunnah: The way and character of the prophet Muhammad’ found in books of Hadith
Imamah
Shia believe in the imamate as part of the 5 roots of Usul-al-Din.
Sunni believe that Imams are chosen by society/community based on their merit/education/ability to lead/ expertise in religion.
Shia believe that they are spiritual descendants, to the prophet Muhammad
Appointed by God to be prophet Muhammad’s successors
Influence:
They are inspired by God, so must be without sin and are infallible.
This means that they can interpret the teachings of the Qur’an without making any errors
Shia Muslims believe that Imams are exemplary individuals who are appointed by God.
They obey all teachings and follow Shari’ah Law. – So, Shia will look up to them and listen to everything they say seriously, act
upon their instructions and take on board their teachings.
Notes:
Shia Muslims – also known as the ‘Party Of Ali’ – believe that Ali bin Abu Talib (his son-in-law), was the rightful successor to
prophet Muhammad, as they were related.
Sunni believes that it should be Abu Bakr, his close friend and adviser because he had the skillset required to be the best leader of
the Islamic community following the prophet.
The Twelvers:
A branch of Shia whose followers believe that there were 12 imams after the death of Muhammad.
They believe the 12th imam has been kept alive by God and is hidden somewhere on earth
They believe that he will one day make himself known and bring equality to all.
Importance: Shia Muslims believe that the imams are necessary because people need guidance on how to live correctly. Due to their close
relationship with God, the 12 imams are highly respected.
Quotes:
“At the end of the time of my Ummah, the Mahdi will appear” – Hadith which supports the re-emergence of the 12 th imam.
"We appointed them Imams who guide with our permission." – Surah form Quran
“There is no God but Allah. The prophet Muhammad is his messenger and Ali is the friend of Allah”
Lots of torture faced in mecca from the Quraysh:
- Not allowed to express freedom of religion
- Muslims were marginalised and used as slaves
- Quraysh boycotted Muslim businesses.
- There was a war in 3 different places (Badr, Uhud and the Trench)
- These battles were the first ever use of Defensive Jihad
- Defended Islam
- Eventually they signed a peace treaty called the Treaty Of Hudabiyyah
- Quraysh broke this and Muslims attacked- took control of Mecca
- But Prophet didn’t kill them all and forgave them
- He allowed people to live and this convinced lots of the Quraysh that he was truly a prophet and many of
them accepted to be Muslims
Prophet Ibrahim
1) Prophet Ibrahim was born in Babylon, into a family and community, where people worshipped idols.
2) Ibrahim received a revelation from Allah, where he was commanded to submit and become a Muslim = which he did.
3) Ibrahim told his family to stop worshipping idols, his father threatened to stone him – but Ibrahim still respected him.
4) One day when the people left town he went into the temple and demolished all the idols with an axe.
5) They asked him if he did it but he said no- ask the big idol (here he showed how idols are just statues and cant do anything – they
can’t protect themselves yet alone people).
6) Ibrahim was punished to burning at the stake. He was put in shackles, tied up and put over a fire.
7) Angel Jibreel came to him and asked ‘is there anything you wish for’ and he said he wants Allah to be pleased with him.
8) Then Allah saved Ibrahim. When he went into the fire, only his chains burnt not him.
9) Later on in his life he married Sara and they wanted children but couldn’t have them
10) He had a child with Hajjar called Ismail and them 3 travelled to Arabia
11) In Arabia, he was commanded by Allah to leave Hajjar and Ismail in a barren piece of land (desert), he left some water and food
12) Hajjar needed to find water for her and her baby, so she ran from the mountains of Safa and Marwa to find help
13) She than saw the Angel Jibreel and he made water come out of the earth to help Hajjar – Well of Zam Zam
14) Ibrahim than returned to mecca where Hajjar and Ismail were, and he was commanded by Allah to sacrifice Ismail.
15) Both Ibrahim and Ismail agreed to the sacrifice and said ‘Do what Allah commanded you to’
16) Went to Mount Arafat – he was tied up ready to die but then Allah sent a sheep down to be sacrificed – which leads to the
celebration of Eid-Al-Adha
17) Ibrahim and Ismail were both ordered to build the Kaaba, which they did and Allah commanded Ibrahim to perform Hajj.
IMPORTANCE: Built the Kaaba, showed great faith in Allah (passed/completed all his tests) and he is called ‘Khalilullah’ – Friend of God
QUOTES: ‘Who can be better in religion than one who submits his whole self to God. Does good and follows the way of Abraham the
true in faith, For God did take Abraham for a friend’
INFLUENCE: Importance of obeying Allahs words, Respect your parents even if they are wrong and be resilient through hardships
- He died in Palestine and has a town named after him in the city of Hebron called ‘Al-Khalil’
- Prophet Ibrahim was the first to fully submit to there being one God.
Prophet Adam
- First human on earth
- Known as the ‘Father of Mankind’
- Without him there would be no humans, no Muslims and he started it all
- His story (Adam & Eve) teaches us not to be arrogant or prideful like Iblis and reinforced the golden rule
- Allah forgave Adam – reinforcing the Nature of God – ‘Most forgiving’ ‘Most merciful’.
Muslims believe life is a test- initially Adam failed this when he and eve ate the apple – disobeying God.
Prophet Ibrahim- didn’t. He passed all the tests and was willing to suffer and lose so much more for Allah.
, Risalah
Means prophethood. A prophet is someone who has received a revelation from God. Musa:
A good leader
Task of performing miracles – saved people from
- Receive and pass on Allah’s messages
slavery within Egypt
- Perfect examples of how to be in society – how to live, pray, submit etc.
- Lead the community so they will also live as Allah wants them too Dawud:
Great king and leader – given the Zabur (psalms) –
Sunni: Prophets can’t sin important songs about praise of Allah
Shia: Prophets could possibly sin, but they do it out of complete and utter obedience
Isa:
Prophet Muhammad: Seal of the prophet: ‘Al-Amin’ Not the son of God – as it goes against Tawhid
- ‘He is the messenger of Allah and last of the prophets’ Role of performing Miracles
Not crucified
- Most important because of the Quran – the direct unchanged word of Allah
- Best example: Never committed major sins, protected Islam, never said anything wrong in terms of religion and he made mistakes
Ibrahim: ‘Khalilullah’
- Rejected polytheism
- 1st to fully submit to god
- Willing to sacrifice his son- on Allahs Command
- Him and Ismail (his son) built the Kaaba – to replace Adams one that was destroyed in the flood (Noahs Ark)
Adam:
- First human and first prophet.
- Disobeyed Allah by eating the fruit – banished from garden of Eden
- Built one of the first houses of worship for God
- Tempted to eat the fruit by Iblis (devil)
Quotes:
‘I have left you with two matter, which will never lead you astray, as long as you hold on to them: the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of
his prophet’
‘I have been sent to prefect good character’
Sunnah: The way and character of the prophet Muhammad’ found in books of Hadith
Imamah
Shia believe in the imamate as part of the 5 roots of Usul-al-Din.
Sunni believe that Imams are chosen by society/community based on their merit/education/ability to lead/ expertise in religion.
Shia believe that they are spiritual descendants, to the prophet Muhammad
Appointed by God to be prophet Muhammad’s successors
Influence:
They are inspired by God, so must be without sin and are infallible.
This means that they can interpret the teachings of the Qur’an without making any errors
Shia Muslims believe that Imams are exemplary individuals who are appointed by God.
They obey all teachings and follow Shari’ah Law. – So, Shia will look up to them and listen to everything they say seriously, act
upon their instructions and take on board their teachings.
Notes:
Shia Muslims – also known as the ‘Party Of Ali’ – believe that Ali bin Abu Talib (his son-in-law), was the rightful successor to
prophet Muhammad, as they were related.
Sunni believes that it should be Abu Bakr, his close friend and adviser because he had the skillset required to be the best leader of
the Islamic community following the prophet.
The Twelvers:
A branch of Shia whose followers believe that there were 12 imams after the death of Muhammad.
They believe the 12th imam has been kept alive by God and is hidden somewhere on earth
They believe that he will one day make himself known and bring equality to all.
Importance: Shia Muslims believe that the imams are necessary because people need guidance on how to live correctly. Due to their close
relationship with God, the 12 imams are highly respected.
Quotes:
“At the end of the time of my Ummah, the Mahdi will appear” – Hadith which supports the re-emergence of the 12 th imam.
"We appointed them Imams who guide with our permission." – Surah form Quran
“There is no God but Allah. The prophet Muhammad is his messenger and Ali is the friend of Allah”
